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Use mysqlcheck to check and repair tables; mysqladmin cannot repair table data or indexes. The repair command works only with MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV tables. InnoDB tables can be checked, but they require an engine rebuild or a dump-and-reload rather than REPAIR TABLE.
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Back up the affected table, confirm its storage engine, run a check, interpret the result, and choose the least invasive supported recovery method. Table maintenance can lock tables and take significant time, especially when you scan or repair an entire database.
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What each client actually does
The similar names cause most mistakes. mysqladmin is a server-administration client. It reports whether the server is reachable, displays status and process information, flushes tables, and performs other administrative or lifecycle operations. It has no table-repair operation.
mysqlcheck is the table-maintenance client. It can check, repair, optimize, and analyze tables while mysqld is running. Its default operation is a check, so a command that omits an operation flag does not silently repair anything.
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| Command or method | Primary purpose | Repair support | Typical scope | Operational effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mysqladmin |
Server administration and diagnosis | None | Server, connections, threads, table flushing | Usually quick for status queries; flushing can affect active work |
mysqlcheck |
Table checks and maintenance | MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV | One table, named databases, or all databases | Maintenance operations lock tables and may run for a long time |
REPAIR TABLE |
SQL repair operation | MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV only | One table per statement | Can be disruptive and can cause data loss in some circumstances |
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE = InnoDB |
Rebuild an InnoDB table | InnoDB rebuild path, not a repair command | One table per statement | Requires a table rebuild and therefore planning for locks and elapsed time |
Before repairing: identify the server, engine, and recovery point
Confirm that the server is available
Run a lightweight availability test before attempting maintenance:
mysqladmin ping -u USER -pA successful response confirms that the server is accepting the connection attempt. A failed response is a server-availability problem to resolve before diagnosing a table; changing repair flags will not help a client that cannot reach mysqld.
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Confirm client and server versions
Record the MySQL client version and the server version shown by your normal SQL session before changing a table. Version context matters when corruption appears after an upgrade or downgrade, because a dump-and-reload can be preferable to an in-place operation in that situation. Keep the recorded versions with the incident notes so a restore can be reproduced.
Inspect the table definition
When the storage engine is not certain, ask the server directly:
SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;Read the ENGINE clause in the returned definition. Do not issue REPAIR TABLE until that value is known. The repair method is limited to MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV; applying it to InnoDB is the wrong recovery path.
Make a logical backup first
The MySQL manual advises making a backup before a table repair because the operation can cause data loss under some circumstances, including file-system errors. A practical safeguard for one table is:
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mysqldump db_name table_name > table.sqlStore the dump somewhere separate from the live table. In a production procedure, test that the dump can be restored in a separate environment rather than assuming that a file created by mysqldump is usable. Do not overwrite the only copy of the original table while experimenting with repair options.
Check one table with mysqlcheck
Start with a check, not a repair:
mysqlcheck -u USER -p DATABASE TABLEReplace USER, DATABASE, and TABLE with the actual connection and object names. Because --check is the default operation, the explicit equivalent is:
mysqlcheck --check -u USER -p DATABASE TABLEEnter the password when prompted. Checking first gives you an engine-specific result and avoids modifying a healthy table.
Check every table in selected databases
To check all tables in two named databases, supply the database names after the --databases option:
mysqlcheck --check --databases db1 db2This is broader than a single-table check and can hold table resources for considerably longer. Schedule it for a maintenance window when the databases are busy.
Check all databases
For a server-wide check, use:
mysqlcheck --check --all-databasesThis scope includes all databases except INFORMATION_SCHEMA and performance_schema, unless you explicitly name those schemas. A server-wide check may take much longer than checking the table named in an error report, so begin narrowly when you already know the affected object.
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How to read CHECK TABLE output
The check reports fields such as status, error, info, note, and warning. Read the final status for each table rather than treating any informational line as proof of corruption.
status: the final state reported for the table. A finalOKnormally means that no fault was found by that check.error: the problem that the server detected and the field to use when deciding whether repair is appropriate.info: additional diagnostic context about what was examined.noteandwarning: messages that may require attention even when the final status is not an outright error.
Save the complete output before proceeding. It provides a before-and-after record and helps distinguish a table that was already damaged from one changed by a later operation.
Repair MyISAM, ARCHIVE, or CSV tables
After confirming that the table uses a supported engine and that the backup is available, run:
mysqlcheck --repair -u USER -p DATABASE TABLEThe SQL equivalent for one table is:
REPAIR TABLE table_name;Both methods are restricted to MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV. They are not general-purpose recovery commands for every MySQL engine.
Repair every table in one database
mysqlcheck --repair --databases db_nameThis attempts repair on the tables in the named database. Verify the resulting output for each table; one successful repair does not establish that every table was healthy.
Repair every eligible table on the server
mysqlcheck --repair --all-databasesThe all-databases scope follows the same exclusion rule as checking: INFORMATION_SCHEMA and performance_schema are excluded unless explicitly named. A server-wide repair creates the largest lock and time window, so use it only when the scope is intentional and the backup plan covers all affected data.
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Choose the repair depth deliberately
--quick: the fastest attempt
mysqlcheck --quick --repair -u USER -p DATABASE TABLE--quick attempts to repair only the index tree. It is useful when speed and a minimal first intervention matter, but it is not the thorough option. If the check still reports a fault, stop and reassess rather than repeatedly applying the same quick operation.
--extended: a more thorough operation
mysqlcheck --extended --repair -u USER -p DATABASE TABLE--extended performs a more thorough operation and can take a long time. The manual’s “100% consistent” wording for extended checking describes the mode’s consistency guarantee; it is not a measured real-world success rate. Extended repair may produce garbage rows while it works, which is another reason to preserve the pre-repair dump and validate the result afterward.
--auto-repair: check, then repair failures
mysqlcheck --auto-repair -u USER -p DATABASE TABLE--auto-repair checks first and repairs tables that are reported as corrupted. It is convenient for a planned batch, but it still modifies data and carries the same backup and locking risks as an explicit repair. Use it only when the set of tables and the allowed maintenance window are clear.
What to do with InnoDB corruption
REPAIR TABLE does not repair InnoDB. You can still check an InnoDB table with mysqlcheck, but a reported problem requires an InnoDB-specific recovery plan.
Rebuild the table after confirming the engine
For an InnoDB table where a documented rebuild is appropriate, use:
ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE = InnoDB;This rebuilds the table and its indexes through the InnoDB engine. Confirm the engine with SHOW CREATE TABLE first, take the backup described earlier, and plan for the rebuild’s locks and runtime. A rebuild is not a guarantee that every form of underlying damage can be recovered; treat the result as a new state to check and validate.
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Dump and reload after incompatible version changes
When the issue is tied to an incompatible server-version upgrade or downgrade, dump and reload can be the safer documented route. Preserve the logical dump, create a clean target table or instance compatible with the intended server version, reload the data, and then run a fresh check. Keep the original table untouched until the restored copy has been validated.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Use mysqladmin to diagnose and coordinate maintenance
mysqladmin cannot substitute for mysqlcheck, but its administrative commands help establish whether maintenance can proceed and what the server is doing.
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mysqladmin ping -u USER -pUse this before a check or repair to separate a connection problem from a table problem.
Review server status
mysqladmin status -u USER -pThe status output includes uptime, threads, questions, slow queries, opens, flush tables, and open tables. These counters provide context for whether the server is busy and whether a maintenance window is realistic; they do not identify or repair a corrupt table.
Inspect active work with processlist
mysqladmin processlist -u USER -pReview active threads before starting a broad check or repair. Long-running queries and application traffic can compete with table maintenance, increase waiting time, or make an unexpected lock more disruptive.
Flush tables only when administration requires it
mysqladmin flush-tables -u USER -pThis flushes all tables. It does not check indexes, remove corruption, or perform a repair. Treat it as an administrative coordination step and confirm that applications can tolerate its effect before using it.
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Table maintenance locks tables and may be time-consuming. The risk grows with the scope: one table is easier to schedule and validate than every table in a database, and a server-wide operation has the broadest impact.
Quick Recap
- Start narrow: check the table named in the error report before scanning unrelated schemas.
- Use a maintenance window: schedule repairs when application traffic is low and operators can observe progress.
- Watch active work: use
mysqladmin processlistbefore and during a broad operation. - Preserve the original: keep the logical dump until the repaired or rebuilt table passes its post-operation checks.
- Validate after modification: run
mysqlcheck --checkagain and compare the output with the saved pre-repair result.
A practical decision path
- The server is unreachable: use
mysqladmin pingto confirm the availability problem, then restore connectivity before attempting table maintenance. - The table has not been identified: inspect the reported database and run
SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;to establish the storage engine. - The table is healthy: if the final check status is
OK, do not run a repair merely as a precaution. Investigate the application or file-system symptom that prompted the check. - The table is MyISAM, ARCHIVE, or CSV and is reported corrupt: preserve the dump, then use
mysqlcheck --repairorREPAIR TABLE. Choose--quick,--extended, or--auto-repairaccording to the required depth and maintenance window. - The table is InnoDB: do not use
REPAIR TABLE. Use a documentedALTER TABLE ... ENGINE = InnoDBrebuild when appropriate, or dump and reload when a server-version compatibility issue is involved. - The repair reports additional errors or unacceptable data loss: stop modifying the original, retain the pre-repair dump, and recover from the validated backup or reload path rather than repeating increasingly aggressive repairs.
Post-repair validation checklist
- Run a fresh check on the repaired or rebuilt table.
- Confirm that the final status is
OKand review every warning or note. - Compare row counts and important application queries with the pre-repair record.
- Confirm that indexes and constraints expected by the table definition are present.
- Keep the original dump until normal application traffic has completed a validation period.
- Document the engine, command, options, version context, start and finish times, output, and any observed data loss.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Using mysqladmin for repair: it administers the server but has no table-repair function.
- Skipping the engine check:
REPAIR TABLEis limited to MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV. - Repairing without a backup: repair can cause data loss in some circumstances.
- Starting with all databases: a broad operation increases lock duration and makes validation harder; begin with the known table.
- Treating a status query as a health check:
mysqladmin statusdescribes server activity, not table integrity. - Assuming a successful command means complete recovery: always run a post-operation check and validate application data.
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