Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteYes—you can host a second, independent WordPress site on a subdomain from the same Nginx server. Give it its own document root, database, WordPress URL, and Nginx server_name block. The other option is WordPress Multisite, which keeps several sites in one WordPress codebase and network administration. Choose that architecture first; DNS, filesystem layout, SSL, and the Nginx configuration all depend on it.
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Choose between a separate installation and WordPress Multisite
A subdomain is only a hostname. It does not determine whether WordPress runs as an isolated installation or as a site in a network. Both designs can serve second.example.com, but they have different boundaries for files, databases, upgrades, backups, and administration.
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| Decision area | Separate WordPress installation | WordPress Multisite |
|---|---|---|
| Code and files | Separate WordPress files and document root, such as /var/www/second.example.com. |
One shared WordPress codebase; sites are managed as a network. |
| Database | Use a separate database and database user when isolation is required. | Sites share the network’s database structure and network administration. |
| Updates | Each installation can follow its own WordPress, plugin, and theme schedule. | Core code and governance are shared across the network. |
| Plugins and themes | Each site can have its own selections and permissions. | Network administrators control what is available or activated across the network. |
| Backups and restores | Restore one site’s files and database without changing the other site. | A restore must account for the shared codebase and network data. |
| Hostname flexibility | Add any hostname with its own DNS and Nginx configuration. | A domain-based network uses hostnames such as site1.example.com; wildcard DNS is useful when sites are created on demand. |
| Operational complexity | More repeated maintenance, but stronger separation. | Central administration, but shared changes can affect every site. |
Use a separate installation when isolation matters
Choose an independent install if the second site needs its own database, plugins, themes, update schedule, filesystem permissions, or backup and restore boundary. Create a new document root and do not point two independent installs at the same writable directory. The existing site’s Nginx block remains in place; you add another block with a distinct root and server_name.
Use Multisite for a centrally managed network
Choose Multisite when the sites should share one WordPress codebase and network administration. A domain-based network maps each site to a hostname. WordPress’s network-preparation guidance requires DNS and server mapping, and its network-creation procedure tells administrators to back up wp-config.php and the web-server rewrite configuration before applying generated settings. If administrators will create arbitrary subdomain names, configure wildcard DNS such as *.example.com; a single known subdomain does not require a wildcard record.
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What must be in place before changing Nginx
- Administrative access to the server or a hosting provider that can create the site configuration.
- A final hostname, for example
second.example.com, and a decision about separate install versus Multisite. - DNS control for the parent domain.
- A document root that is different from the first site’s root when using a separate installation.
- A database and database credentials for a separate installation, or access to Network Admin for Multisite.
- A PHP-FPM service and its actual Unix socket or listening address. Socket names vary by distribution and installed PHP version.
- An SSL certificate covering the subdomain, either individually or through an appropriate wildcard certificate.
- A current backup of the existing site’s database, WordPress files, and Nginx configuration. For Multisite, also preserve the network configuration files before applying generated directives.
On managed hosting, ask the provider to create the DNS record, virtual host, PHP site, and certificate. WordPress advises managed-hosting users to consult their host before changing server configuration, because they may not have permission to edit Nginx or PHP-FPM directly.
Step 1: Create the DNS record
DNS must resolve the new hostname to the server before Nginx can serve it. For a single subdomain, create an A record pointing to the server’s IPv4 address, or a CNAME pointing to a hostname that already resolves to that server. If the server also accepts IPv6, configure the corresponding address according to your provider’s setup.
When wildcard DNS is appropriate
A wildcard record such as *.example.com is intended for a domain-based Multisite network that creates arbitrary subdomain names. It is not required merely because one second site uses a subdomain. Keep an explicit record for a known site unless your network design genuinely needs on-demand names.
Confirm DNS before troubleshooting Nginx
Use the DNS diagnostic available on your system or query service to verify that second.example.com returns the intended server address. Test from a network outside the server as well, because local resolver caches can hide an incorrect record. If the name does not resolve to this server, fixing the Nginx block cannot make the site reachable.
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Step 2: Prepare WordPress files and data
Separate installation workflow
- Create a new document root, for example
/var/www/second.example.com. Keep it separate from the first site’s root. - Create a database and a database user with only the permissions that installation needs. Record the database name, username, password, and database host for the installer.
- Download and unpack WordPress into the new document root. Use the official package appropriate to the current release rather than copying the first site’s writable directory.
- Set ownership and permissions so the web user can read the application and write only where your WordPress operations require it. The exact web-user name and permission policy depend on the distribution and hosting provider.
- Leave the browser installer until the hostname and Nginx block are ready. During installation, use the final HTTPS URL rather than a temporary hostname.
Multisite workflow
- Back up the existing database, WordPress files,
wp-config.php, and the current rewrite configuration. - Complete WordPress’s network preparation checks, including DNS and server mapping.
- Enable network installation from the WordPress administration area, select a domain-based network, and create the network.
- Copy the generated
wp-config.phpdirectives exactly as WordPress presents them. Apply the generated rewrite rules to the web-server configuration used by this installation. - Create the new site in Network Admin and assign its hostname. For sites created on demand under a domain-based network, ensure wildcard DNS and the corresponding server mapping are in place.
Do not mix these models casually. A second independent install should not be attached to the Multisite database tables, and a Multisite site should not be treated as a completely independent WordPress directory.
Step 3: Add a dedicated Nginx server block
Nginx chooses a virtual server by matching the request’s address and Host header against server_name. The new block therefore needs the exact subdomain, the correct document root, WordPress’s front-controller fallback, and a PHP-FPM handler.
server {
listen 80;
server_name second.example.com;
root /var/www/second.example.com;
index index.php;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
}
}This is the essential shape of a WordPress Nginx block. Replace the document root and PHP-FPM socket with the paths used by your host. The socket shown is an example, not a universal filename; many distributions include a PHP-version suffix or use a TCP listener instead.
Why each directive matters
listencontrols the address and port on which this server block accepts requests. A duplicate or conflicting listener can prevent a configuration reload.server_namemust match the public hostname exactly. A typo, missing alias, or unexpected default server can send the request to the first site.rootmust point to the second site’s WordPress files, not the first site’s directory.index index.phplets Nginx pass the site’s front page to WordPress.try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;serves existing files and sends WordPress routes, including pretty permalinks, to the front controller while preserving query arguments.- The PHP location’s
try_files $uri =404;prevents Nginx from passing a nonexistent script to PHP-FPM. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAMEgives PHP-FPM the actual script path.fastcgi_passsends PHP requests to the PHP-FPM socket or listener that is actually running.
Step 4: Validate and reload Nginx safely
- Run the Nginx configuration test supplied by your platform, commonly the
nginx -tcommand. - Fix syntax errors, duplicate listeners, missing include files, and incorrect paths reported by the test.
- Reload Nginx through the service manager used by your distribution. A reload applies the validated configuration without needlessly stopping workers.
- Do not restart blindly while debugging. If the new configuration is invalid, a restart can fail; a successful test followed by a reload leaves the previous working configuration available while you correct the new block.
Distribution-specific service names and configuration layouts differ. Use the commands and paths documented by your operating system or hosting provider rather than assuming that every PHP version uses the same socket.
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Step 5: Enable HTTPS for the subdomain
Obtain a certificate covering second.example.com, or a suitable wildcard certificate if your network design requires one. Add an HTTPS server block that includes the certificate and private-key directives used by your Nginx installation, then test the certificate before redirecting HTTP.
Recommended order
- Issue or install the certificate and verify that the certificate’s names include the exact subdomain.
- Add the port-443 Nginx block with the same hostname and the second site’s root, PHP handler, and WordPress fallback.
- Open the HTTPS URL and confirm the certificate and homepage work.
- Redirect the port-80 block to HTTPS after the secure endpoint is confirmed.
WordPress recommends SSL for every mapped domain and documents SNI support for additional domains. Use one canonical hostname and scheme throughout WordPress; switching between HTTP, HTTPS, or alternate hostnames can cause mixed-content warnings and login loops.
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Step 6: Complete WordPress URL and installation settings
Separate installation
Visit the subdomain over HTTPS and complete the normal WordPress installer with the new database credentials. Set both WordPress Address and Site Address to the final HTTPS subdomain. Verify that the database connection succeeds before creating content.
Multisite
In Network Admin, create or edit the site’s hostname and URL so they use the final HTTPS subdomain. Confirm that the generated network directives remain in wp-config.php and that the Nginx rewrite behavior still sends unknown paths to WordPress. Do not replace the network’s shared configuration with settings copied from an unrelated standalone install.
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Verification checklist after the reload
Test the complete request path instead of stopping when the homepage appears.
- Resolve
second.example.comand confirm it points to this server. - Open the HTTPS homepage and inspect the certificate hostname.
- Open
/wp-admin/, sign in, and confirm that the login cookie stays on the intended subdomain. - Open a newly created pretty permalink, not only the front page.
- Upload a media file and open the resulting media URL.
- Check the Nginx error log and the PHP-FPM log for the request time.
- Confirm that the first site’s content is never returned for the second hostname.
- For Multisite, switch between Network Admin and the new site’s dashboard and verify the hostname in every address.
Troubleshooting by symptom
The hostname does not resolve
This is a DNS problem, not an Nginx problem. Correct the A, CNAME, or required wildcard record, then wait for resolvers to obtain the change. Recheck from an external network before editing the server block.
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The first site’s content appears
Nginx selected another virtual server. Check the exact server_name, the address in listen, and which block is marked or behaving as the default server. Test with the request’s intended Host header and inspect the active configuration for duplicate or broader names.
Every pretty permalink returns 404
Confirm that the request reaches the second site’s root and that the location block contains try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;. Check that index.php exists in that root and that the Nginx configuration was successfully reloaded. If the WordPress permalink settings changed, save them again after correcting the server mapping.
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The homepage works but PHP returns 502 Bad Gateway
The PHP-FPM destination is wrong or the service is unavailable. Compare fastcgi_pass with the actual socket or listener for the installed PHP version, then check PHP-FPM’s service and error logs. A socket name copied from another distribution or PHP version is a common cause.
Login loops or mixed-content warnings appear
Make the WordPress Address, Site Address, certificate, and browser URL use the same HTTPS hostname. If another TLS terminator or proxy sits in front of Nginx, verify that the proxy headers correctly communicate the original HTTPS scheme and host.
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Check that the certificate covers the subdomain, that the port-443 block has the correct server_name and root, and that PHP and the WordPress fallback are present in the secure block. Correct certificate or Nginx errors before enabling a permanent HTTP-to-HTTPS redirect.
Operational trade-offs to keep after launch
A separate installation gives the clearest failure and recovery boundary: its files, database, plugins, themes, permissions, and update schedule can be managed independently. The cost is duplicated maintenance and separate security and backup work.
Multisite reduces repeated administration and keeps sites on one codebase, but network-level changes, shared plugins, shared themes, and database or code restores can affect every site. Establish who may install or activate extensions, how network backups are restored, and which hostnames are allowed before adding more sites.
There is no universal performance, cost, or success-rate figure for this setup. Results depend on the distribution, PHP version, storage, DNS provider, certificate automation, proxy arrangement, and hosting policy. The reliable design is the one whose DNS, Nginx mapping, PHP handler, HTTPS identity, and WordPress architecture all agree.
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