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What Coolify is running on your VPS
Coolify is a self-hostable deployment platform. You provide the servers, and Coolify manages workloads on those servers. For MySQL, it creates and runs a Docker container on a selected connected server and Docker destination. The database is therefore part of your VPS workload, not a separate managed database service.
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- Coolify control plane: the Coolify instance from which you manage projects, environments, resources, deployments, backups and settings.
- Connected server: your VPS, connected to Coolify over SSH and available as a workload target.
- Docker destination and network: the place where the MySQL container and any application containers communicate.
- Persistent volume: storage mounted into MySQL at
/var/lib/mysql, kept separately from the container itself.
This separation matters when you redeploy. Replacing a container does not by itself delete data stored in the named volume. It also does not make that volume a backup: local storage remains tied to the deployment server unless you provide shared storage, and a damaged server can take both the running database and its local volume offline.
Prepare the VPS and Coolify project
Confirm the server connection
Coolify must be able to reach the VPS over SSH before it can create the database resource. In Coolify, add or select the server connection using the VPS address, SSH account and authentication details supplied by your provider. The server should appear as an available deployment target before you continue.
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Coolify’s normal lifecycle is to connect a server, create a resource, build or pull an image, start Docker containers and route traffic when routing is required. MySQL uses that same lifecycle, with the database container and its storage managed as a resource in your project.
Choose the project, environment and destination
Open the Coolify project and environment that will own the database. Select the connected VPS and the Docker destination where the application that will use MySQL runs, when possible. Keeping both resources on the same destination makes the private network connection straightforward and avoids exposing the database merely to let your own application reach it.
Plan storage and access before starting
- Decide which application or applications will use this MySQL resource.
- Identify whether any client outside the Coolify network genuinely needs database access.
- Confirm that your VPS has storage appropriate for the database and its backup process. The reviewed Coolify documentation does not publish a universal CPU, memory, disk or bandwidth minimum; those requirements depend on workload, data size and query behavior.
- Choose an off-site, S3-compatible destination for backups so a VPS failure does not also remove your only backup copy.
Create the MySQL resource in Coolify
- In the selected project and environment, choose New Resource → MySQL.
- Select the connected VPS and the Docker destination.
- Review the generated image, root password, normal-user credentials, initial database and connection URLs before starting anything.
- Select Start and wait for the container to become healthy in Coolify.
Coolify documents these defaults for the MySQL resource:
| Setting | Documented default |
|---|---|
| Image | mysql:8 |
| Internal port | 3306 |
| Normal user | mysql |
| Initial database | default |
| Data mount | /var/lib/mysql |
| Root password | Generated when the resource is created |
| Normal-user password | Generated when the resource is created |
Save the generated credentials in your secret-management process. Treat the root password as an administrative secret and use the normal application credentials for routine application connections.
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Connect an application to the database privately
Use the generated internal URL
An application running on the same Coolify destination network should use the internal URL shown by the MySQL resource. The documented pattern is:
mysql://<user>:<password>@<database-container>:3306/<database>Put that value in the application’s environment-variable configuration, using the variable name expected by the application or framework. Replace the placeholders with the generated normal user, password, database-container name and database name. The database-container portion is a Docker-resolvable service name supplied by Coolify; do not replace it with the VPS’s server IP for an internal connection.
Keep the application and database on the same network
The private URL works when the application container and MySQL container share the relevant Coolify destination network. If the application is deployed elsewhere, first decide whether moving it onto the same destination is practical. Exposing MySQL publicly just to bridge two resources is a broader attack surface and should not be the default solution.
Validate the connection without publishing MySQL
After adding the environment variable, redeploy or restart the application using its normal Coolify workflow. Check the application logs for a successful database connection and verify that it can create or read the expected schema. A failed connection should be diagnosed by checking the URL, credentials, database name, container name and shared network before changing firewall rules.
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When public MySQL access is justified
Keep MySQL private unless an external client, migration tool or separate service genuinely requires a connection from outside the Coolify network. If you must provide that access:
- Enable Coolify’s public TCP proxy for the MySQL resource.
- Expose only the required proxy port and restrict it with the VPS or provider firewall to known source addresses whenever possible.
- Use SSL where the client and MySQL configuration support it.
- Give the external client the public connection details, not the internal container name.
- Disable the public route when the external task is complete.
A public TCP proxy is an access path, not an authorization system. Continue to use least-privilege database accounts, strong generated secrets and firewall restrictions.
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Understand persistent storage
Coolify mounts MySQL’s data directory at /var/lib/mysql in a named Docker volume. The volume is separate from the running container, so recreating or redeploying the container does not normally remove data stored there.
That protection has limits:
- Deleting the volume, intentionally or accidentally, deletes the database data in it.
- A local volume remains on the VPS. Loss of that server, its disk or its Docker storage can make the database unavailable.
- Persistent storage is not a database-aware backup. It does not provide historical versions, point-in-time recovery or a tested way to rebuild on another server.
Use the volume for live durability through ordinary container lifecycle operations, and use database dumps stored elsewhere for recovery.
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Configure scheduled MySQL backups
Choose what to dump
Coolify uses mysqldump for scheduled MySQL backups. The backup configuration lets you select specific databases or all databases. All-database dumps are gzip-compressed.
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- Open the database backup area in Coolify and choose Database backups.
- Select the MySQL resource and choose the databases to include, or select all databases.
- Set the backup schedule appropriate for the amount of data you can afford to lose between successful runs.
- Set retention so older dump files are removed according to your storage and recovery policy.
- Configure an S3-compatible storage destination and confirm that Coolify can write to it.
- Run or wait for a backup, then verify that an object was created in the remote bucket.
The schedule and retention values are operational choices, not universal guarantees. Your achievable recovery point and recovery time depend on how often dumps complete, how quickly they can be downloaded and restored, and whether the destination remains available.
Make backups useful
- Keep backup storage separate from the VPS that runs MySQL.
- Restrict bucket credentials to the permissions needed for the backup path.
- Monitor for failed jobs and unexpectedly small or missing dump files.
- Keep at least one copy that your normal cleanup policy will not immediately remove if you need longer-term protection.
- Test restoration on a separate resource; a file that exists is not proof that it can be restored.
Restore a backup safely
Coolify’s Import Backup form can restore a MySQL backup while the database is running. Restoration replaces data in the target resource, so treat it as a destructive operation even when the form does not require you to stop the container.
- Stop application writes. Put the application into maintenance mode or otherwise prevent jobs, users and workers from changing the target database.
- Identify the exact Coolify MySQL resource that should receive the restore. Check the project, environment, server and database name.
- Preserve a separate copy of any data that must not be replaced. Create a fresh dump of the target when its current contents may be needed for rollback.
- Open the MySQL resource’s Import Backup form and select the intended backup.
- Start the import and monitor the operation until it finishes.
- Check the restored schema and representative application data before allowing writes again.
- Resume the application and verify that it connects with the expected credentials and database name.
Do not use a production restore as your first restore test. A separate test resource lets you confirm that the dump, compression, credentials and destination are all usable without replacing live data.
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Manage MySQL image upgrades
Match the MySQL image to the application and to the tools used to back up and restore it. The default resource image is mysql:8, but changing image versions can alter SQL behavior, authentication defaults, system tables and compatibility.
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- Take a fresh backup and verify that it can be read.
- Create a test copy of the data or restore the backup to a separate MySQL resource.
- Apply the proposed image version to the test resource.
- Run the application’s migrations, connection checks and important queries against the test copy.
- Review errors and compatibility issues before scheduling the production change.
- Back up production again immediately before the upgrade.
- Upgrade production during a maintenance window, then verify application health and database access.
Keep the pre-upgrade backup until the new version has passed your validation period. Do not assume that a container restart alone constitutes a safe major-version migration.
One-click MySQL or Docker Compose?
Coolify’s one-click MySQL resource is appropriate for a standard, single MySQL deployment. Docker Compose is the better fit when you need a custom topology or an engine configuration that the one-click resource does not expose.
| Decision axis | Coolify MySQL resource | Docker Compose deployment |
|---|---|---|
| Manual configuration | Lower: choose the resource, server and destination, then review generated settings. | Higher: define the service, environment, network and storage configuration yourself. |
| Topology flexibility | Designed for a standard single MySQL resource. | Suitable when a custom topology or additional services are required. |
| Persistent storage | Coolify creates and manages the database volume and mount. | You declare the required volumes and mounts in Compose. |
| Backup workflow | Built-in scheduled mysqldump configuration, retention and S3-compatible destination settings. |
You must design and operate the dump, scheduling, retention and remote-storage workflow. |
| Upgrade control | Image changes are managed through the resource, with testing still required. | You control the Compose image and related service changes directly. |
| Network exposure | Private internal URL by default, with an optional public TCP proxy. | You define published ports and network rules yourself, while still needing firewall controls. |
Compose does not remove the operational responsibilities: the volume still needs protection, backups still need testing, and a published port still needs restriction.
Quick Recap
Troubleshoot common connection and recovery problems
The application cannot resolve the database host
- Confirm that the application and MySQL are on the same Coolify destination network.
- Use the database container name from the generated internal URL, not a VPS IP address.
- Check that the MySQL resource has started successfully before restarting the application.
Authentication fails
- Copy the generated normal-user password again; avoid accidentally using the root password in the application.
- Confirm the username and database name in the environment variable.
- Restart or redeploy the application after changing its secret so the new value is loaded.
An external client cannot connect
- Verify that public TCP proxy access is enabled only on the intended resource.
- Check the VPS or provider firewall for the proxy port and source address.
- Use the public endpoint for the external client; internal container names are not public DNS names.
- Confirm that the client’s SSL settings match what the database endpoint supports.
A restore appears to have missing data
- Confirm which databases were selected when the dump was created.
- Remember that all-database dumps are compressed and must be imported through the appropriate backup workflow.
- Check that the restore targeted the intended project, environment and MySQL resource.
- Review the import result and application schema migrations before concluding that the dump is incomplete.
The database disappeared after a redeploy
- Check that the original named volume is still attached to the resource.
- Verify that the mount remains
/var/lib/mysql. - Do not delete or recreate volumes while troubleshooting unless you have a verified external backup.
- If the VPS storage itself failed, recover by creating a replacement resource and importing a dump from remote storage.
Operational checklist
- SSH connectivity from Coolify to the VPS works.
- The MySQL resource is in the intended project and environment.
- The selected server and Docker destination are correct.
- Generated credentials are stored securely.
- The application uses the internal URL and database container name.
- MySQL remains private unless an external client requires the public TCP proxy.
- The VPS/provider firewall limits any exposed proxy port.
- The
/var/lib/mysqlvolume is present and has adequate storage for the workload. - Scheduled
mysqldumpjobs write to S3-compatible storage. - Retention is configured and failed backups are noticed.
- A restore has been tested on a separate resource.
- Major MySQL image changes are tested against a copy before production.
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