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This guide follows the documented Ubuntu deployment flow and separates hard requirements from production recommendations. It assumes you have an Ubuntu Server VPS, SSH or console access, and a DNS name if the wiki will be public.
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What Tiki needs on an Ubuntu VPS
Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware is a PHP application designed to run on shared hosting with a LAMP stack. Tiki can use Apache, nginx, IIS, or lighttpd, but Apache is the most widely tested and used web server in its requirements documentation. For the database, Tiki supports MariaDB, MySQL, and Percona Server for MySQL; choose a version that matches your selected Tiki release.
| Requirement | Documented baseline | How to interpret it |
|---|---|---|
| Memory | 512 MB RAM minimum | A bare minimum for the application itself; attachments, indexing, backups, and concurrent users need headroom. |
| Free storage | 100 MB minimum | Enough only for a minimal installation. Uploaded files, database growth, logs, and backups require substantially more space. |
| Web server | PHP-capable server; Apache most widely tested | Apache is the least-surprising path for an Ubuntu installation. nginx is possible but normally requires different rewrite and PHP-handler configuration. |
| Database | MariaDB, MySQL, or Percona Server for MySQL | Use the database family and version supported by the Tiki branch you install. |
The 512 MB and 100 MB figures are minimums, not a production sizing recommendation. A wiki with image attachments, search indexing, scheduled jobs, or several active users can exhaust a tiny VPS quickly. Leave room for the operating system, Apache and PHP processes, MariaDB’s working set, temporary files, and at least one local backup before choosing a plan.
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Choose the Tiki and Ubuntu combination first
Tiki requirements change between branches. In particular, the PHP version available from Ubuntu’s repositories must be compatible with the Tiki release. Ubuntu 24.04 ships with PHP 8.3 or newer in its standard repositories, while the Ubuntu installation documentation also gives examples for older Ubuntu releases and Tiki 27 LTS and other branches. Do not copy a package list from one branch into another without checking the release-specific PHP matrix.
Record these decisions before connecting by SSH
- The Ubuntu LTS release on the VPS.
- The exact Tiki branch or release archive you intend to deploy.
- The PHP version supported by that branch.
- The MariaDB or MySQL version supported by that branch.
- The DNS name that will point to the VPS if the wiki is public.
- Whether you will install a release archive or use a Git/source workflow.
Pinning those choices makes later upgrades reproducible. If you change the Tiki branch, recheck PHP extensions, Composer requirements, and the Node.js toolchain before changing the server.
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1. Connect and patch the operating system
Log in with an administrative account that can use sudo. Apply the available package updates before installing the web stack:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgradeReboot if Ubuntu reports that a kernel or another service needs it, then reconnect. Keeping the host current reduces the chance that a newly installed service starts with already-known security fixes missing.
2. Confirm the hostname and DNS plan
For a public wiki, create an A or AAAA record for the chosen name and point it at the VPS address. You can install Tiki using the server’s address, but a stable DNS name is needed for a useful virtual host and for normal TLS certificate issuance. Wait for the record to resolve before beginning certificate setup.
Install Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and Tiki’s dependencies
The documented Ubuntu procedure installs Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and the extensions required by the selected Tiki release. Package names vary slightly by Ubuntu release and PHP version, so treat the following as a structure for the installation rather than a release-independent lockfile.
sudo apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server
sudo apt-get install php php-cli php-fpm php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-bcmath php-curl php-intl php-mbstring php-zip composerUse the PHP package names that correspond to the supported version on your Ubuntu release. Some installations use Apache’s PHP module; others use PHP-FPM. The important checks are that Apache can pass PHP requests to the selected handler and that every extension listed for your Tiki branch is enabled.
Verify PHP from the shell
php -v
php -mConfirm the reported PHP version is in the Tiki branch’s support range. In the module list, look for the extensions required by the release, including the database driver, GD, XML, bcmath, cURL, internationalization, multibyte strings, and ZIP support where listed. If an extension is missing, install the matching Ubuntu package, restart the relevant PHP service, and run php -m again.
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Check the web-server PHP path
A command-line PHP binary and Apache’s PHP handler can load different configuration files. Create a temporary diagnostic file only long enough to verify the web path, inspect it through the browser, and remove it immediately afterward. Never leave a page that exposes PHP configuration on a public server.
Install Node.js and npm when using Tiki 27 or later from the command line
The Ubuntu guide calls for a recent Node.js/npm toolchain when Tiki 27 or later is installed from the command line. Its example baseline is Node.js 18 or newer and npm 10 or newer. This requirement is relevant to source or command-line setup workflows; it does not turn every release-archive installation into a JavaScript build project.
node --version
npm --versionIf either command reports an older release, install a supported Node.js and npm combination using the method appropriate for your Ubuntu version, then rerun the checks. Follow Tiki’s setup script instructions for the branch you selected. Keep the Node toolchain available when you later rebuild assets or update a source checkout.
Place Tiki in the Apache document root
Release archive installation
For a stable deployment, a release archive is usually simpler than a source checkout because it avoids unnecessary build steps. Download the exact Tiki release you selected, extract it into a dedicated directory such as /var/www/tiki, and make that directory the Apache document root for the site.
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/tiki
sudo tar -xf tiki-release-archive.tar.* -C /var/www/tiki --strip-components=1The archive filename and extraction options depend on the package you obtained. Preserve the release’s directory structure; do not copy only selected subdirectories.
Git or source installation
A Git workflow is useful when you need a source branch or intend to contribute changes, but it adds operational work. Composer dependencies and, for newer branches, Node.js/npm setup and asset-building commands may be required. Keep the checkout outside the directory used for temporary downloads, and record the commit or tag that is deployed so you can reproduce it.
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Ownership and permissions
Set ownership and writable directories according to the release’s installation instructions and the account used by Apache or PHP-FPM. Do not make the entire application world-writable. The web process must be able to write the directories Tiki identifies for configuration, caches, temporary files, and uploads, while application code and version-control metadata should remain protected from browser writes.
After permissions are set, verify them with a small upload and cache-writing test during installation. Correct a specific directory rather than applying a blanket permission such as chmod -R 777.
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Create an empty MariaDB or MySQL database
Tiki’s web installer expects a blank database and credentials for a user that can create tables and write data. Create a database, a dedicated user, and a strong password before opening the installer.
sudo mariadbCREATE DATABASE tiki CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'tiki_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'use-a-long-unique-password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON tiki.* TO 'tiki_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;Use names and credentials appropriate to your environment. If the database server is separate from the web server, use the database host supplied by that server and restrict access to the VPS address rather than opening the account broadly. Keep the password in your deployment records or secret store; you will enter it in the browser installer.
Run Tiki’s browser installer
- Open the VPS’s DNS name or temporary address in a browser and request the Tiki document root.
- Choose the installation language and accept the displayed prerequisites only after confirming the PHP version, extensions, writable directories, and database driver are correct.
- Enter the MariaDB/MySQL host, database name, username, and password created in the previous step.
- Choose the site administrator credentials and basic site settings.
- Let the installer create the schema and initial data.
The installation documentation explains that this process writes db/local.php and populates the database with Tiki’s tables and data. If the installer cannot write that file, fix ownership or directory permissions and retry; do not create a publicly writable application tree as a shortcut.
What a successful installation looks like
- The installer completes without a database connection or schema error.
- You can sign in as the administrator.
- A new wiki page can be created and viewed.
- An attachment upload succeeds and can be downloaded by an authorized user.
- Refreshing a page does not produce rewrite or PHP fatal errors.
Configure Apache and clean URLs
Enable rewrite support
Tiki’s clean URLs depend on Apache rewrite rules. Enable the module and restart Apache:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2Without rewrite support, links may expose internal query-string paths or return 404 errors when a user opens a wiki page directly. Ensure the virtual host permits the rewrite rules supplied with the Tiki release, normally through the appropriate AllowOverride setting for the document root.
Create a name-based virtual host
Create a site definition that maps the DNS name to the Tiki directory. A minimal structure is:
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AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/tiki-error.log
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</VirtualHost>Replace the example hostname and path with your actual values. Enable the site, check Apache’s syntax, and reload:
sudo a2ensite tiki.conf
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl reload apache2If Apache serves its default page after DNS has propagated, check that the ServerName matches the browser’s hostname, the site is enabled, and no other virtual host is taking precedence.
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Add HTTPS for a public wiki
Do not expose administrator logins or uploaded content over plain HTTP. The Ubuntu procedure documents enabling Apache SSL and the default SSL site; certificate issuance itself depends on the certificate workflow you choose.
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sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
sudo systemctl reload apache2Configure the certificate and key paths in the HTTPS virtual host, or use the certificate automation appropriate to your environment. Confirm that the certificate covers the exact DNS name users enter. Once HTTPS works, redirect the port-80 virtual host to the HTTPS URL and update Tiki’s site URL settings if the installer initially used an HTTP address.
Verify the secure deployment
- Open the HTTPS address in a private browser window and confirm the certificate name and validity.
- Sign in and create a page while watching for mixed-content warnings.
- Upload a file and confirm that links remain on HTTPS.
- Test an HTTP request and verify it reaches the HTTPS URL rather than presenting a second login session.
Apache versus nginx: which path should you choose?
| Choice | When it fits | Important implication |
|---|---|---|
| Apache | You want the most widely tested Tiki web-server path and straightforward use of the supplied rewrite rules. | Use a virtual host, enable rewrite, and permit the release’s directory rules. |
| nginx | You already operate nginx and understand its PHP-FPM and URL-routing configuration. | Tiki supports it, but configuration changes are needed because Apache directives and .htaccess behavior do not apply. |
For a first Ubuntu VPS deployment, Apache reduces the number of variables because it follows the web server emphasized in Tiki’s requirements documentation.
MariaDB versus MySQL
Both database families are supported. Pick the one available for your Ubuntu release that also appears in the selected Tiki branch’s compatibility information. The database engine is not an interchangeable afterthought: character-set defaults, authentication plugins, and supported versions can affect an upgrade. Record the exact server version and test a restore on the same family before migrating a production wiki.
Post-installation checks before inviting users
A completed installer is not the same as an operational wiki. Run these checks with ordinary user permissions as well as an administrator:
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- Authentication: sign in, sign out, and verify that an incorrect password is rejected.
- Permissions: create a group or test account and confirm it can see and edit only the areas intended for it.
- Pages: create, edit, preview, save, and restore a page revision.
- Files: upload, download, and remove an attachment while checking the configured size limits.
- Scheduled tasks: confirm the jobs your site depends on run under the documented scheduler method.
- Mail: test password-reset and notification messages through the outbound mail service.
- Backups: back up both the database and the Tiki file tree, then restore them to a disposable location.
- Logs: review Apache, PHP, and MariaDB logs after each test so warnings are fixed before real content accumulates.
These are operational acceptance checks, not claims that a particular VPS configuration has been performance-tested. Record the results and repeat them after upgrades.
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The installer reports a missing PHP extension
Check the release-specific requirements, install the extension package for the active PHP version, restart Apache or PHP-FPM, and verify both php -m and the web request. A module visible in the shell can still be absent from the web handler if they use different PHP configurations.
Database connection fails
Recheck the host, database name, username, password, and port. Confirm the account is allowed from the host where PHP runs and that MariaDB/MySQL is listening. Test the credentials from the VPS with a database client before retrying the browser installer.
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Pages return 404 errors after installation
Enable rewrite, ensure the virtual host allows the Tiki rewrite rules, and reload Apache. Check the site’s error log while opening a failing page. If the default Apache site answers instead, correct the hostname or disable the conflicting site.
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The PHP handler is not connected to Apache correctly. Verify the selected PHP module or PHP-FPM proxy configuration, then restart the affected service. Do not continue using the site until PHP files are executed server-side.
Uploads fail or caches cannot be written
Inspect the exact directory named by the error, then set ownership and permissions for the Apache/PHP account according to Tiki’s release instructions. Also check the PHP upload-size and execution limits. Avoid making the whole document root writable.
HTTPS works but redirects loop
Check whether TLS terminates at a reverse proxy or load balancer and whether the proxy forwards the original scheme correctly. Align Apache’s virtual-host redirect with Tiki’s configured site URL, then clear stale browser redirects and retest.
Maintenance, upgrades, and recovery
Keep a version record
Write down the Ubuntu release, Tiki release or Git commit, PHP version, database version, enabled Apache modules, and Node.js/npm versions used for a source build. This record turns an emergency rebuild into a repeatable procedure.
Back up before changing versions
Back up the database and the complete Tiki file tree, including uploaded files and db/local.php. Test that the backup can be read and restored. A database-only dump cannot recover attachments, and a file-only copy cannot recover the wiki schema.
Recheck compatibility before upgrades
Release-specific PHP, extension, database, Composer, and Node.js requirements can change. Read the requirements for the target Tiki branch immediately before upgrading, stage the upgrade on a copy, and run the page, upload, mail, scheduler, and restore checks again.
Deployment checklist
- Choose an Ubuntu release and Tiki branch whose PHP and database requirements match.
- Provision more than the documented 512 MB RAM and 100 MB storage minimums when the wiki will hold files or serve multiple users.
- Patch Ubuntu with
apt-get updateandapt-get upgrade. - Install Apache, MariaDB or MySQL, PHP, Composer, and every extension required by the selected Tiki release.
- Install Node.js 18+ and npm 10+ when the Tiki 27+ command-line workflow requires them.
- Place the release in a dedicated Apache document root and apply restrictive, release-appropriate permissions.
- Create an empty database and dedicated database user.
- Run the browser installer and confirm that
db/local.phpis created. - Enable Apache rewrite support and configure a name-based virtual host.
- Enable SSL, install a certificate, and redirect public HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
- Test authentication, pages, uploads, mail, scheduled tasks, backups, and restore before opening the wiki to users.
The Bottom Line
An Ubuntu VPS is a practical home for Tiki when you match the Tiki branch to supported PHP and database versions, follow the Apache-based installation flow, and treat the documented 512 MB RAM and 100 MB storage figures as minimums rather than a production target. The essential sequence is: patch Ubuntu, install the compatible LAMP dependencies, create a blank database, run the installer, enable rewrite rules, configure a virtual host, and secure the public site with HTTPS.
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