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The most reliable setup is the official Docker Compose stack for Tiny Tiny RSS (TT-RSS), bound to localhost and published through an Nginx reverse proxy on your VPS. Set TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH to the exact public HTTPS URL, forward X-Forwarded-Proto, keep PostgreSQL and application volumes persistent, and take a tested backup before upgrades.
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What you are building
TT-RSS is a free, GPLv3-licensed, self-hosted web reader and RSS/Atom aggregator. The project’s recommended deployment method is Docker. Its current Compose example separates the application into PostgreSQL, a TT-RSS app/FPM service, an updater service, and a web-Nginx service. Your VPS’s host Nginx terminates public HTTP/HTTPS traffic and forwards requests to the web container over a loopback port.
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- Visitor’s browser connects to
https://rss.example.comorhttps://example.com/tt-rss/. - Host Nginx handles DNS-facing HTTP and HTTPS, certificates, and proxy headers.
- The TT-RSS web-Nginx container listens on a port bound only to
127.0.0.1. - The app, updater, and PostgreSQL communicate on Docker’s private network.
- Named or host-mounted volumes retain the database and application data when containers are recreated.
Do not publish the container directly on a public interface when host Nginx is available. A loopback binding such as 127.0.0.1:8280 leaves only the host proxy exposed to the Internet.
Prerequisites and choices
VPS requirements
- A current Linux distribution with a supported Docker Engine and Docker Compose plugin.
- A hostname, for example
rss.example.com, with an A or AAAA record pointing to the VPS. - Inbound TCP access for ports 80 and 443. Keep the TT-RSS published port private to the host.
- Administrative access to install packages, edit Nginx configuration, and run Docker commands.
- A modern browser for the TT-RSS web interface.
Use the current TT-RSS installation instructions to obtain its official Compose file and image tags. Image names, tags, and supported versions change as the project develops; copying an old tag from an unrelated tutorial can produce an unsupported stack.
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Subpath or dedicated hostname?
| Deployment | Public URL | Advantages | Risks and extra work |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subpath | https://example.com/tt-rss/ |
Uses an existing domain and certificate; no additional DNS record. | The Nginx location and upstream URI must agree exactly. Existing PHP or application locations can intercept the path unless the TT-RSS location has sufficient priority. |
| Dedicated subdomain | https://rss.example.com/ |
Simple root-relative URLs and a clean separation from other sites on the server. | Requires a DNS record and a matching Nginx server block and certificate. |
Either design works. A dedicated hostname usually has fewer path-rewrite problems. A subpath is appropriate when your main domain and certificate are already managed on the VPS, but every setting must retain the /tt-rss prefix.
Install Docker and prepare a private deployment directory
Install Docker Engine and the Compose plugin using your Linux distribution’s current vendor instructions. Verify both commands before creating the application:
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docker compose versionCreate a directory that is not served by Nginx and restrict access to it. The directory will contain the Compose file and the environment file with database credentials.
sudo mkdir -p /opt/tt-rss
sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /opt/tt-rss
cd /opt/tt-rss
chmod 700 /opt/tt-rssPlace the current official TT-RSS Compose file in this directory. The example stack contains four functional services:
- PostgreSQL: stores accounts, feed metadata, articles, and settings.
- Application/FPM: runs TT-RSS’s PHP application code.
- Updater: performs scheduled feed fetching.
- Web Nginx: serves the application and communicates with the app service.
The project also documents an optional backups service. Enable it only after understanding where it writes backups and how you will copy those backups off the VPS.
Configure the environment file
TT-RSS’s Docker setup prefers environment-based configuration. Edit the .env file supplied with the current Compose example and set the database values, loopback binding, and public URL. A subpath deployment has the following critical values:
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HTTP_PORT=127.0.0.1:8280
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH=https://example.com/tt-rss
For a dedicated hostname, use the hostname at the root instead:
HTTP_PORT=127.0.0.1:8280
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH=https://rss.example.com
Set a long, unique PostgreSQL password and the database name, user, and password variables expected by the current Compose file. Do not commit .env to a public repository or paste its password into support requests. Restrict the file after editing:
chmod 600 /opt/tt-rss/.envWhy the self URL must be exact
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH is a fully qualified public URL, not merely a hostname and not an internal Docker address. TT-RSS uses it when generating links, redirects, API endpoints, and asset URLs. Include the scheme and, for a subpath installation, the path. Do not add a trailing slash unless the project’s current example specifically requires one for your chosen configuration.
These values are not interchangeable:
| Public arrangement | Correct value | Incorrect value |
|---|---|---|
| Subpath | https://example.com/tt-rss |
https://example.com (drops the path) |
| Dedicated hostname | https://rss.example.com |
http://127.0.0.1:8280 (internal address and wrong scheme) |
Start and validate the Compose stack
- Change to the deployment directory:
cd /opt/tt-rss. - Review the Compose file and environment values, especially the database volume and published port.
- Start all services in detached mode:
docker compose up -d. - List service state:
docker compose ps. - Inspect startup output if a service is restarting:
docker compose logs --tail=200. - Confirm that the web service is listening on the loopback address:
ss -ltnp | grep 8280.
The expected listening address is 127.0.0.1:8280, not 0.0.0.0:8280. If the port is bound publicly, stop the stack, correct HTTP_PORT, and recreate the services before proceeding.
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Wait until PostgreSQL, the app, updater, and web-Nginx services have completed their initial startup. A web container can be running while the database is still initializing, so check individual logs rather than relying only on a green container status.
Configure host Nginx as the reverse proxy
Install Nginx from your distribution and create a server block for the selected hostname. The proxy must set the original host, client address, and protocol explicitly. The protocol header is especially important: TT-RSS needs to know that the browser used HTTPS even though the internal hop from host Nginx to Docker is plain HTTP.
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Dedicated hostname configuration
For https://rss.example.com/, use a root location:
server {
listen 80;
server_name rss.example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8280/;
break;
}
}The trailing slash in this root proxy target keeps the upstream request rooted at /. Keep the public hostname in server_name and the same hostname in TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH.
Subpath configuration
For https://example.com/tt-rss/, add a higher-priority location to the appropriate HTTPS server block:
location ^~ /tt-rss/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8280/tt-rss/;
break;
}Here the public location and the URI portion of proxy_pass both contain /tt-rss/. The ^~ modifier prevents a broader regular-expression location, such as a generic PHP handler, from taking precedence. Do not combine a subpath TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH with a root proxy target or vice versa.
Test and reload Nginx
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginxIf the test reports an error, fix the indicated server block before reloading. Test from the VPS and from an external browser. A local request confirms that Nginx can reach the container; an external request confirms DNS, firewall, and the public server block:
curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8280/
curl -I https://rss.example.com/Enable HTTPS with Certbot
First make sure DNS resolves to the VPS and that an HTTP server block for the hostname exists. On Ubuntu, the documented route is to install Certbot through Snap and use its Nginx plugin:
sudo snap install --classic certbot
sudo certbot --nginx -d rss.example.comThe Nginx plugin finds the matching server block, adds the TLS directives, and reloads Nginx. Nginx’s HTTPS configuration requires an SSL listener and readable certificate and key files. Keep the private key protected; it must be readable by the Nginx master process but should not be generally readable by unprivileged users.
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After issuance, verify both layers:
- Open the exact public TT-RSS URL in a browser and confirm the certificate hostname matches.
- Run
sudo nginx -tafter any certificate or proxy edit. - Check that generated links and redirects remain HTTPS.
- Confirm that the certificate renewal mechanism is installed and perform a renewal dry run using your distribution’s current Certbot procedure.
Persistence and backup design
Container recreation is normal during updates; data loss is not. Ensure the PostgreSQL service has a named or host-mounted volume and that the TT-RSS application volume specified by the official Compose file is also persistent. Run:
docker compose config
docker volume lsInspect the rendered configuration for volume declarations and verify that the database service actually mounts the intended volume. Remove the accidental leading space before docker if your shell treats it as a separate command.
A backup is useful only if it can be restored. At minimum, establish a routine that includes:
- A PostgreSQL dump made while the database service is available.
- Copies of any application data that the Compose file stores outside PostgreSQL.
- Storage outside the VPS, protected with access controls and encryption appropriate to your feeds and account data.
- A periodic restore test on a disposable instance.
The official Compose example includes an optional backups container. Whether you use that service or an external scheduler, document the destination, retention period, encryption, and restore command. Never assume that a Docker volume alone is a backup.
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TT-RSS follows continuous development and recommends staying current with recent Docker images or the project’s main branch. Update deliberately rather than running an unattended image replacement:
- Read the current TT-RSS installation and migration notes and record the image versions you intend to run.
- Confirm that the latest database backup can be read and, ideally, restore it in a test environment.
- Save a copy of
.envand the Compose file, keeping secrets out of public version control. - Pull the selected images with
docker compose pull. - Recreate services with
docker compose up -d. - Watch logs and check
docker compose psuntil the database, app, updater, and web services are healthy. - Open the public URL and verify login, feed refresh, article display, and scheduled updates.
PostgreSQL major-version changes
Do not change the PostgreSQL major version merely by editing an image tag. Official PostgreSQL containers do not migrate an existing data directory between major versions automatically. The project notes that PostgreSQL 18 also changes the default data-volume path. Follow the current upstream migration procedure, which may require a logical dump and restore or another explicitly supported conversion. Keep the old volume until the new instance has been validated and the backup has been tested.
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Diagnose common failures
502 Bad Gateway
- Run
docker compose psand confirm the web-Nginx service is running. - Check
docker compose logs web-nginx(use the exact service name in your Compose file). - Verify the loopback listener with
ss -ltnp | grep 8280. - From the host, request
http://127.0.0.1:8280/. If it fails, the issue is Docker or the container, not public Nginx. - Confirm that host Nginx uses the same port and address as
HTTP_PORT.
Redirects to HTTP or mixed-content warnings
Set TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH to the public HTTPS URL and ensure every relevant location sends X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme. If the proxy is HTTPS but the header is missing, TT-RSS can generate plain-HTTP links and redirects. Reload Nginx after editing and clear a cached redirect in the browser before retesting.
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Compare the public location, proxy_pass URI, and TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH character by character. All three must agree on /tt-rss. Retain the trailing slash pattern shown in the working location and use location ^~ /tt-rss/ if another PHP or regular-expression location is capturing requests.
Database appears empty after recreation
Check the database service’s volume mount in docker compose config. If the database was started without the intended persistent volume, a replacement container can initialize a new empty cluster. Stop before deleting anything, locate the original volume with docker volume ls, and restore from a known backup if the original data cannot be reattached safely.
Feed updates do not run
Confirm that the updater service is running rather than only the web service. Review updater logs, verify that the database is reachable on the Compose network, and check the VPS clock and outbound network policy. A successful browser login does not prove that the scheduled updater is healthy.
Upgrade fails after a PostgreSQL image change
Revert to the previously working image only if your backup and rollback plan permit it, then consult the current PostgreSQL major-version migration instructions. Do not repeatedly restart containers against a data directory created by a different major version; that can complicate recovery.
Host Nginx versus a containerized reverse proxy
| Consideration | Host Nginx | Containerized proxy |
|---|---|---|
| Operational ownership | Managed with the VPS operating system, systemd, and host configuration. | Managed as another container with its own networks, volumes, and update cycle. |
| Network layout | TT-RSS can bind to loopback; only host Nginx is internet-facing. | Requires deliberate Docker network and port exposure rules. |
| Certificates | Certbot’s Nginx plugin can edit the host server block and reload Nginx. | Certificate automation belongs to the proxy stack and must be integrated with its volumes. |
| Isolation clarity | Easy to see that the TT-RSS web port is private on 127.0.0.1. |
Can be clean, but public and private networks must be reviewed in Compose. |
For a single VPS already using Nginx, the host-proxy arrangement minimizes moving parts and makes the security boundary explicit. A containerized proxy is reasonable when the entire server is already operated as a Compose-based platform, but it is not required for TT-RSS.
Security and maintenance checklist
- Use a unique, high-entropy PostgreSQL password and protect
.env. - Expose only ports 80 and 443 publicly; keep
127.0.0.1:8280private. - Keep the VPS operating system, Docker Engine, Compose plugin, Nginx, and TT-RSS images updated.
- Use HTTPS for the public URL and verify certificate renewal.
- Forward the original host and protocol headers exactly as configured.
- Back up PostgreSQL and application data before every image or database upgrade.
- Test a restore, not just the creation of a backup file.
- Review logs after updates and monitor disk space for the database, article cache, and backups.
Final verification
Before considering the deployment complete, work through this request from a clean browser session:
Quick Recap
- DNS resolves the chosen hostname to the VPS.
- The browser receives a valid certificate and stays on HTTPS.
- The TT-RSS login page loads at the exact URL represented by
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH. - Static assets, navigation, and redirects retain the correct hostname and (if used)
/tt-rss/prefix. - The updater fetches a feed and the new article appears after refresh.
- Recreating a non-database container leaves accounts and feeds intact.
- A recent database backup exists off the VPS and its restore procedure is documented.
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