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For a continuous FFmpeg feed, use the loudnorm filter in single-pass mode, then test it with representative music before going live. YouTube’s live encoder guidance specifies audio formats and encoding settings, but not a LUFS loudness target. FFmpeg’s defaults are filter defaults—not YouTube requirements.
Choose a loudness target by testing your music
There is no single loudness target established by the official YouTube live encoder guidance. Choose a target for the sound you want, and check how it behaves across the actual playlist, including changes between tracks. The FFmpeg manual documents defaults of −24 LUFS integrated loudness, 7 LU LRA, and −2 dBTP true peak; these are defaults, not platform rules. See the FFmpeg filters documentation.
Do not treat a commonly repeated value such as −14 LUFS as an official YouTube Live requirement: YouTube’s live encoder settings do not give a LUFS target. Make a representative test, measure the processed program, and adjust so normalization does not cause unexpectedly large changes or flatten dynamics that matter to the music.
Measure before committing to a setting
FFmpeg’s ebur128 filter can measure loudness, and loudnorm can report measurements in its summary. These measurements describe the program being processed; they are not a YouTube compliance check. Test transitions as well as individual tracks, since a playlist’s level can change from one recording to the next.
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Configure loudnorm for a continuous live feed
Use the filter’s single-pass mode for a live feed. The FFmpeg manual supports single-pass operation for livestreams and describes double-pass operation for files. A basic filter expression is:
loudnorm=I=<chosen-target>:LRA=<chosen-range>:TP=<chosen-true-peak>
Replace the bracketed labels with values you chose for your program; they are explanatory placeholders, not literal FFmpeg values. The three parameters control integrated loudness (I), loudness range (LRA), and maximum true peak (TP). The expression above leaves the filter in its normal single-pass operation; do not assume its defaults are mandatory targets.
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Single-pass or double-pass
- Single-pass: appropriate for a continuous live feed when audio is being processed as it streams.
- Double-pass: intended for file processing, where you can analyze material first and then process it using measured values. It is not a prerequisite for livestreaming.
Dynamic or linear mode
loudnorm supports dynamic and linear normalization. Linear operation requires measured integrated loudness, loudness range, true peak, and threshold values. If the documented conditions for linear operation are not met, the filter may revert to dynamic normalization. For an always-on playlist, test the chosen mode and review the filter output rather than assuming a requested mode was applied as intended. Consult the FFmpeg filter documentation for the exact options and behavior.
Match the audio encoding to your YouTube ingest protocol
Loudness normalization is separate from codec and transport settings. For stereo RTMP or RTMPS ingestion, YouTube lists AAC or MP3, recommends a 44.1 kHz sample rate and 128 kbps audio bitrate, and lists CBR for live-stream encoding settings. Follow the current YouTube encoder settings for the protocol you use; these audio settings do not prescribe a LUFS target.
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If you use HLS instead, do not automatically carry over the RTMP/RTMPS configuration. YouTube’s HLS setup guidance has separate requirements, lists AAC, AC3, and EAC3 audio, and recommends 44.1 kHz stereo and 128 kbps stereo in its advanced settings.
Test and monitor the 24/7 stream
- Build a representative test: use the real playlist or representative selections with the same kinds of transitions and audio changes expected in the continuous stream.
- Measure and listen: inspect the loudness and true-peak behavior with
ebur128or theloudnormsummary, then listen for unwanted level jumps or changes to the intended dynamics. - Verify the ingest: test the stream before launch and check YouTube’s stream-health messages. Resolve warnings rather than treating a loudness reading as proof that ingestion is healthy.
- Monitor during operation: keep checking audio and video quality and leave bandwidth headroom. YouTube’s streaming tips recommend testing with audio and movement similar to the planned stream and monitoring continuously.
YouTube’s live streaming error guidance flags unsupported live audio codecs and includes a 128 kbps audio recommendation in bitrate warnings. A feed can have sensible loudness normalization and still fail because of an unsupported codec, encoding configuration, or connectivity problem.
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Common problems and what to check
- The music sounds uneven between tracks: measure and test the playlist as a sequence, including transitions; adjust the chosen loudness settings based on the program rather than assuming one track represents the whole stream.
- The filter’s result does not match the requested linear mode: check the measured values and linear-mode conditions. FFmpeg may revert to dynamic normalization when those conditions are not met.
- YouTube reports an audio warning: verify that the codec and bitrate match the selected ingest protocol. Loudness settings do not correct an unsupported codec or encoding mismatch.
- The stream is unstable despite reasonable audio levels: inspect YouTube stream-health messages, monitor the full audio/video feed, and review bandwidth headroom. Loudness processing cannot resolve connectivity or general encoding issues.
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