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Minecraft status effects are temporary or persistent modifiers that change movement, mining, combat, health, visibility, underwater ability, spawning, or world events. They can help, harm, or trigger special encounters. Most come from potions, beacons, conduits, food, mobs, structures, or commands.
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Java Edition and Bedrock Edition do not have identical effect rosters or mechanics. The tables below label edition-specific entries, explain what every current named effect does, cover the six effects added in Java 1.21, and show how to obtain, remove, and command effects safely.
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What a status effect is—and how it differs from a potion
A status effect is the gameplay modifier itself: Speed makes an entity move faster, Poison deals periodic damage, and Night Vision changes how darkness is rendered. A potion is only one delivery method. Drinking a potion, being hit by a splash potion, walking through a lingering cloud, firing a tipped arrow, standing near a beacon, or using a command can all apply a status effect.
Effects have a duration and, for most level-based effects, an amplifier. The amplifier controls potency; the displayed Roman numeral is one higher than the internal amplifier value. For example, a Bedrock command amplifier of 0 produces level I and 1 produces level II. Some effects are immediate, some tick over time, and the 1.21 omen and spawning effects perform an action when a condition is met.
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Effect particles and icons provide feedback, but invisibility does not hide everything: armor, held items, particles, and some mob-detection rules can still reveal an invisible entity. Command users can hide particles without changing the underlying effect.
Movement and mining effects
| Effect | What it does | Edition | Timing, sources, and counterplay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speed | Increases walking and sprinting speed. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous while active. Commonly supplied by potions and beacons; wait out the timer or use milk to remove it. |
| Slowness | Reduces movement speed. Slowness IV and higher can prevent ordinary movement. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous. Witches, potions, and projectiles are common sources; milk is the normal emergency counter. |
| Haste | Speeds up mining and attack speed by making blocks break faster. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous. Beacons are the main long-duration source; leaving beacon range or drinking milk ends it. |
| Mining Fatigue | Slows mining and attack speed, making block breaking extremely slow. | Java and Bedrock | Most famously applied by elder guardians. Milk removes it; otherwise leave the affected area and wait for the timer. |
| Jump Boost | Raises jump height and reduces effective fall distance according to level. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous movement modifier from potions or beacons. It does not make the player immune to every fall hazard. |
| Levitation | Moves the affected entity upward; normal falling resumes when it expires. | Java and Bedrock | Often associated with shulkers. Remove it with milk or a command before the descent becomes dangerous. |
| Slow Falling | Makes descent slow and prevents fall damage while active. | Java and Bedrock | Useful for bridges, towers, and End exploration. Its protection ends as soon as the effect expires. |
Health, damage, and defense effects
| Effect | What it does | Edition | Timing, sources, and counterplay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regeneration | Restores health over time. | Java and Bedrock | Periodic healing from potions, beacons, food-related mechanics, and some encounters. Damage can outpace the regeneration rate. |
| Instant Health | Immediately heals living targets but damages undead targets. | Java and Bedrock | Instant rather than timed. A splash or lingering version can heal allies, while throwing it at undead reverses the result. |
| Instant Damage | Immediately damages living targets but heals undead targets. | Java and Bedrock | Instant. Check the target type before using a splash or tipped arrow. |
| Poison | Deals periodic damage but normally cannot reduce a player below one-half heart. | Java and Bedrock | Commonly comes from cave spiders, witches, potions, and suspicious encounters. Milk clears it; ordinary healing is still needed after the damage. |
| Fatal Poison | Continues dealing poison-type damage until death instead of stopping at one-half heart. | Bedrock | Bedrock-only in the current command enum. Treat it as a lethal damage-over-time effect and remove it immediately with milk or /effect ... clear. |
| Wither | Deals periodic damage and can kill; its damage and visuals are distinct from Poison. | Java and Bedrock | Associated with wither mobs and some hostile attacks. Milk or a clear command stops the effect, but lost health remains lost. |
| Resistance | Reduces incoming damage. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous defensive effect from beacons, potions, and special sources. It reduces damage rather than creating extra hearts. |
| Fire Resistance | Prevents damage from fire, lava, and hot-environment sources while active. | Java and Bedrock | Use before entering lava or a Nether fire zone. It does not stop every non-fire source of damage. |
| Absorption | Adds temporary extra hearts that are consumed before normal health. | Java and Bedrock | Temporary buffer, not permanent maximum health. When the timer ends, unused absorption hearts disappear. |
| Health Boost | Raises maximum health while active; the added capacity must be filled by healing. | Java and Bedrock | Changing maximum health is different from instant healing. When the effect ends, the extra capacity is removed. |
Combat and hunger effects
| Effect | What it does | Edition | Timing, sources, and counterplay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Increases melee attack damage. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous combat buff from potions, beacons, and commands. It affects melee damage, not every possible damage source. |
| Weakness | Reduces melee attack damage. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous debuff, notably important when curing a zombie villager. Milk removes it before the timer finishes. |
| Hunger | Increases exhaustion and drains the food bar faster. | Java and Bedrock | Periodic resource pressure from hostile mobs and food-related sources. Eat more often or clear the effect. |
| Saturation | Immediately restores food and saturation. | Java and Bedrock | A burst resource effect rather than a long combat buff; it fills hunger instantly and then ends. |
Vision, stealth, and underwater effects
| Effect | What it does | Edition | Timing, sources, and counterplay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Night Vision | Brightens dark areas as if they were well lit. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous visual effect from potions and commands. It does not create light for other players or mobs. |
| Invisibility | Hides the entity model. | Java and Bedrock | Armor, held items, particles, and certain mob-detection rules can still expose or detect the entity. |
| Blindness | Sharply limits vision and prevents sprinting and critical attacks. | Java and Bedrock | Treat it as both a visibility and combat debuff. Milk is the normal remedy. |
| Darkness | Repeatedly dims the screen and heavily restricts visibility. | Java and Bedrock | Associated with sculk and the Warden’s environment. It is more intrusive than ordinary low light. |
| Glowing | Outlines an entity so it can be seen through blocks. | Primarily Java | Useful for locating players or mobs behind walls. Confirm the edition before relying on it; current Bedrock references do not expose the same roster entry. |
| Water Breathing | Prevents the air meter from draining underwater. | Java and Bedrock | Continuous underwater protection from potions and commands. It does not improve mining speed by itself. |
| Conduit Power | Combines underwater breathing, underwater night vision, and improved underwater mining near an active conduit. | Java and Bedrock | Requires proximity to an active conduit for its normal survival use. It is a combined underwater utility effect. |
| Dolphin’s Grace | Greatly improves swimming speed when granted by dolphins. | Java | Java-specific in current references and normally obtained from nearby dolphins rather than a standard potion recipe. |
| Nausea | Applies a disorienting visual distortion. | Java and Bedrock | Visual rather than direct damage. Move to safety, wait for the timer, drink milk, or clear it by command. |
Village, omen, and spawning effects
| Effect | What it does | Edition | Timing, sources, and counterplay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bad Omen | The older raid-triggering omen concept. In modern 1.21 behavior it transforms into an event-specific omen when the relevant village or structure condition is met. | Java and Bedrock, with 1.21 behavior changes | Do not assume the old raid flow. A player carrying the omen can enter a village or related trigger area and receive a more specific omen. |
| Raid Omen | Starts a raid after its countdown expires in a village. | Java and Bedrock | Drink milk before the countdown completes if you do not want the raid. Once the event begins, removing the effect does not undo the raid. |
| Trial Omen | Makes a nearby Trial Spawner ominous, increasing challenge and changing rewards. | Java and Bedrock | Relevant to Ominous Trials. Clear the omen before approaching the spawner if you want the ordinary encounter. |
| Village Hero | Marks a player who has successfully defended a village and enables the associated village benefits. | Java and Bedrock | Event reward rather than a normal potion effect. Its benefits apply while the effect lasts. |
| Infested | An affected entity has a 10% chance to spawn one or two silverfish when hurt. | Java and Bedrock 1.21 families | Triggered on being hurt, not continuously. Silverfish spawning is subject to the game’s normal limits and immunities. |
| Oozing | An affected entity spawns two slimes on death. | Java and Bedrock 1.21 families | Triggered on death and subject to the entity-cramming cap and slime immunity rules. |
| Weaving | An affected entity spreads cobweb blocks on death and moves through cobweb at 50% of normal cobweb speed instead of 25%. | Java and Bedrock 1.21 families | Death creates terrain, while the movement change applies during the effect. Plan exits before fighting in tight spaces. |
| Wind Charged | An affected entity emits a wind burst upon death. | Java and Bedrock 1.21 families | Death-triggered area control. Keep valuable drops and fragile builds away from the blast zone. |
| Breath of the Nautilus | The current Bedrock command enum contains this identifier, but the cited official command documentation does not explain its gameplay behavior. | Bedrock command identifier | Do not assume a survival, brewing, or combat use until the mechanics are confirmed for your exact Bedrock release. |
The six effects added in Minecraft Java 1.21
Mojang’s Java Edition 1.21 release notes describe six new status effects: Infested, Oozing, Weaving, Wind Charged, Raid Omen, and Trial Omen. Bedrock 1.21 documentation describes the four spawn-focused effects and the ominous trial and raid context as well. Their distinctive feature is that several act on being hurt or dying rather than applying a simple stat change.
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When an Infested entity is hurt, it has a 10% chance to spawn one or two silverfish. This makes every hit potentially add another hostile target, so use ranged attacks, fire, or controlled terrain when dealing with an Infested mob.
Oozing
When an Oozing entity dies, two slimes spawn. The result is limited by entity cramming and by slime immunity rules, so a cramped farm may produce fewer visible slimes than the nominal effect description suggests.
Weaving
Weaving causes an affected entity to spread cobweb blocks on death. While the effect is active, that entity moves through cobweb at 50% of normal cobweb speed instead of the usual 25%, making web-filled areas less restrictive for it.
Wind Charged
A Wind Charged entity emits a wind burst upon death. Fight it away from ledges, redstone, chests, and other objects that can be disrupted by the burst.
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Raid Omen
Raid Omen is the modern countdown effect that starts a raid when it expires in a village. Drinking milk before the countdown completes is the practical way to cancel the impending raid.
Trial Omen
Trial Omen makes a nearby Trial Spawner ominous. The encounter becomes more difficult and its rewards change, so carrying the effect into a trial is a deliberate risk-and-reward choice rather than a passive buff.
How to obtain status effects
The source determines whether you can control the duration, level, target, and timing.
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- Drinkable potions: apply an effect to yourself for the listed duration.
- Splash potions: apply the effect to entities in the impact area.
- Lingering potions: leave an area cloud that can affect entities entering it.
- Tipped arrows: transfer an effect to a hit target.
- Beacons: provide selected long-duration effects within range.
- Conduits: provide Conduit Power when activated and when you remain close enough.
- Food and special items: can grant effects such as Saturation or other context-dependent modifiers.
- Mobs and encounters: elder guardians, shulkers, cave spiders, witches, dolphins, and other entities can apply effects directly.
- Structures and events: villages, raids, Trial Spawners, and Ominous Trials use omen effects to control their encounters.
- Commands: administrators or players with cheats can apply almost any command-exposed effect to a target.
For the four 1.21 spawn effects, Mojang’s documented brewing bases are an Awkward Potion plus the effect ingredient: Stone for Infested, a Slime Block for Oozing, a Cobweb for Weaving, and a Breeze Rod for Wind Charged. Verify the recipe and availability against your edition and minor release before planning a survival brewing setup.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to remove an effect
- Drink milk. Milk is the standard practical remedy for clearing many active effects, including dangerous combat debuffs and omen effects before their event begins.
- Wait for the timer. A finite effect expires naturally, although waiting is unsafe for Wither, Fatal Poison, Levitation, or an imminent Raid Omen.
- Leave the source area. Move away from a beacon, conduit, elder guardian, mob, or Trial Spawner if it is repeatedly reapplying the effect.
- Use a clear command. With cheats enabled, clear one effect or all command-visible effects from a target.
Removing a status effect does not reverse damage already dealt, restore spent food, rebuild lost blocks, or cancel an event that has already started. For example, clearing Raid Omen after the raid begins does not end that raid.
Using the Bedrock /effect command
Microsoft’s current Bedrock documentation requires cheats for /effect. The documented form is:
/effect <player: target> <effect: Effect> [seconds: int] [amplifier: int] [hideParticles: Boolean]
Bedrock uses a default duration of 30 seconds, a default amplifier of 0, and a default particle-visibility value of false when optional arguments are omitted. The duration can also be set to infinite. Because amplifiers are zero-based, amplifier 0 means level I, amplifier 1 means level II, and so on.
Useful Bedrock examples
/effect @p speed 60 1 truegives the nearest player Speed II for 60 seconds and hides particles./effect @s night_vision infinite 0 truegives yourself Night Vision indefinitely with no visible particles./effect @a fire_resistance 30gives every player 30 seconds of the default Fire Resistance level./effect @s clearclears all removable effects from yourself./effect @s clear poisonclears only Poison from yourself.
The clearing form is /effect <player: target> clear [effect: Effect]. Target selectors such as @s, @p, and @a let you choose yourself, the nearest player, or every player. Effect identifiers and accepted syntax differ between Java and Bedrock, so use the command help for the edition and version running your world.
Java and Bedrock differences you should check first
| Question | What is established | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Is the effect in both editions? | No. Bedrock’s current command enum includes Fatal Poison and Breath of the Nautilus; current references identify Glowing and Dolphin’s Grace as Java-focused entries. | A command, potion recipe, or farm designed for one edition may fail or have no equivalent in the other. |
| Did 1.21 change omen behavior? | Yes. The older Bad Omen concept now transitions into event-specific Raid Omen or Trial Omen behavior when the relevant condition is met. | Older raid tutorials can describe a flow that no longer matches a modern 1.21 world. |
| Are potion recipes universal? | Not necessarily. The 1.21 recipes and survival availability for new effects must be checked against the edition and minor release. | Do not assume a Java recipe, identifier, or brewing ingredient works unchanged on Bedrock. |
| Are amplifiers written the same way? | Bedrock’s documented command amplifier is zero-based. | Using a displayed level number instead of the internal value can produce a level one step higher or lower than intended. |
When a guide, command block, or farm does not behave as expected, record the edition, platform, and exact game version first. Then verify the effect identifier, whether cheats are enabled, whether the source can reapply the effect, and whether the event has already begun.
Quick Recap
Practical survival choices
- Carry milk when exploring elder-guardian areas, villages near patrol routes, and Trial Chambers; it gives you a controllable answer to many unexpected debuffs.
- Use Fire Resistance before entering lava rather than after taking damage.
- Keep Slow Falling for vertical construction and End travel, but watch its timer before stepping off another ledge.
- Use Invisibility with empty hands and minimal armor when stealth matters; the effect is not a guarantee that mobs or players cannot detect you.
- Do not enter a village with an unwanted Raid Omen. Drink milk before the countdown completes.
- Approach an ominous Trial Spawner only when you want the increased challenge and altered rewards from Trial Omen.
- For Infested, Oozing, Weaving, and Wind Charged targets, fight in an open, controlled area so their hurt- or death-triggered effects do not create an ambush or damage your build.
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