Add the key in Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, then either generate Coolify’s default ED25519 key or import an existing private key. Authorize the matching public key on the destination server or Git provider, select the private key in Coolify, and validate the connection. Coolify needs a non-interactive key: do not protect it with a passphrase or a second-factor prompt.
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Understand which connection you are setting up
Coolify uses SSH keys for two different authorizations. A server key lets Coolify log in to a machine for deployments and infrastructure tasks. A repository deploy key lets the deployment server fetch code from one private repository. These permissions are independent: a public key in a server user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys does not grant repository access, and a repository deploy key does not permit server login.
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| Use case | Where the public key is installed | What the Coolify private key does | Recommended scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connect a server | The destination account’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys |
Authenticates Coolify to the server over SSH | One key per server or administrative group when independent rotation is important |
| Deploy a private repository | The repository provider’s deploy-key or access-key settings | Authenticates Git fetches from that repository | One read-only key for one repository |
Use separate keys when server access and source-code access need different owners, audit trails, rotation schedules, or revocation decisions. The key itself does not trigger a deployment; a manual action, provider webhook, or another workflow does that after SSH authentication succeeds.
Before you begin
Decide which account will receive the key and which system will use it. For a server connection, you need the server’s IP address or resolvable domain, SSH port, login user, and a trusted way to access that account while editing its SSH configuration. For a private repository, you need repository-administrator access to add a deploy key, the repository’s SSH clone URL, and the branch you intend to deploy.
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Keep a working administrative session open while changing authorized_keys. The safest sequence is to add the new public key first, test it from Coolify, and only then remove an older key. Never use the private half as an authorization value: the private key remains in Coolify, while only its matching public key leaves the key manager.
Create or import the private key in Coolify
Open the private-key manager
- Sign in to Coolify with a team owner or administrator account.
- Open Keys & Tokens in the main navigation.
- Select Private Keys, then choose New private key.
Only team owners and administrators can create, change, or delete private keys. If the menu or button is missing, check your team role rather than creating a replacement key elsewhere. Creating duplicate keys without a naming or rotation plan makes it harder to tell which server or application depends on each credential.
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Generate the default ED25519 key
Choose Generate ED25519 unless the system that will receive the public key does not accept ED25519. ED25519 is Coolify’s default option and is the appropriate choice for current OpenSSH installations.
Leave the passphrase empty. Coolify must be able to use the private key unattended; an interactive passphrase or second-factor prompt would stop a deployment or server validation. This is a deliberate operational requirement, not an indication that the key is intended for personal workstation use. If your organization normally requires passphrases for human-managed keys, apply that policy to administrator keys while treating the Coolify service key as a separately controlled automation credential.
Import an existing key
Choose the import option when an approved key already exists. Paste the complete private-key material exactly as generated, including its begin and end lines when the format has them. Do not paste the public key into the private-key field, and do not add a passphrase that Coolify would have to request interactively.
Preserve line breaks and avoid copying surrounding commentary, shell prompts, or whitespace that changes the key. An encrypted private-key file may be valid for a person at a terminal but unusable for Coolify if it demands a password during authentication. If the imported value is rejected, create a fresh ED25519 key in Coolify or re-export the original key in an unencrypted format approved for unattended use.
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Use RSA only for a documented compatibility requirement, such as an older SSH implementation that rejects ED25519. A key type accepted by your laptop is not necessarily accepted by the target server or repository provider, so confirm compatibility before importing.
Name the key for its purpose
After saving, open the key’s edit screen and give it a specific name, such as production-server-01 or catalog-repo-readonly. Purpose-based names prevent selecting a repository key for a server connection and make later rotation safer. The name is an identifier in Coolify; it does not change the cryptographic key. Include an environment, host, or repository role in the name, but do not put the private key itself or a password in the label.
Connect a Coolify server with the key
Copy the matching public key
- Open the saved private key in Keys & Tokens → Private Keys.
- Copy the entire value shown in the Public key field as one line.
- Keep the private half in Coolify. Do not paste the private key into a server’s
authorized_keysfile.
The public key must be the pair generated from, or mathematically matching, the private key selected later in the server form. A different key—even one with the same label—will fail authentication. Copy the complete line, including its key type and trailing comment if Coolify displays one; do not wrap it across multiple lines.
Authorize the public key on the destination account
From a trusted terminal, connect to the account that Coolify will use. For a root login, the command may look like this:
ssh root@<server-ip>If SSH listens on a nonstandard port, include it:
ssh -p <ssh-port> root@<server-ip>On the destination server, create the SSH directory with restrictive permissions, open the account’s authorized-key file, paste the complete Coolify public key on its own line, and then lock down the file:
mkdir -p ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keysThe tilde in these commands must resolve to the same user entered in Coolify. If you authorize the key under one account but configure another username, SSH will correctly reject the login. Save the file without wrapping or altering the key. Keep the key used by your current terminal session until Coolify has been tested; removing it too early can lock you out while you are still troubleshooting. Existing authorized keys may remain in the file; add the Coolify key as another line rather than replacing keys blindly.
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Add and validate the server in Coolify
- Open Servers and select New server → IP address or domain.
- Enter the server host name or IP address.
- Enter the SSH port used by the host.
- Enter the user whose
~/.ssh/authorized_keyscontains the copied public key. - Select the matching Coolify Private key.
- Select Continue, then choose Validate connection.
Validation tests SSH authentication and checks the operating system and required tools. Coolify then installs or verifies Docker Engine and Compose, records server information, and starts the proxy. A successful SSH login alone is therefore not the complete test: the host must also satisfy Coolify’s server requirements. Read the validation output before changing credentials; an authentication error and a missing-tool error require different fixes.
Deploy a private repository with an SSH deploy key
Create a repository-specific key
For a private repository, create or import a separate key in Coolify and copy its public half. In the repository provider, add that public key under the repository’s deploy-key or access-key settings. Keep write access disabled unless a specific workflow truly requires it. A deploy key grants one SSH key access to one private repository, which limits the impact of a leaked or retired key. A read-only key can fetch source without granting permission to push, alter branches, or rewrite repository content.
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- In the Coolify application setup, choose Private Repository (with deploy key).
- Select the deployment server.
- Select the stored private key that corresponds to the public key registered with the repository provider.
- Paste the repository’s SSH clone URL, for example
[email protected]:owner/repo.git. - Choose the required branch and complete the application configuration.
Use the SSH clone URL, not the repository’s HTTPS URL. An HTTPS address cannot use the SSH private key stored in Coolify. The deployment server must also be able to resolve and reach the Git host; this matters for Forgejo, Gogs, and self-hosted Git-compatible services as well as public providers. Check DNS and outbound firewall rules from the deployment server, not only from your laptop.
Check the two authorizations separately
If the application cannot clone the repository, first verify that the provider contains the exact public key paired with the selected Coolify private key and that the deploy key has repository read access. Confirm that the application points to the intended server and key, especially when several similarly named keys exist. Do not assume that a server connection proves repository access. Conversely, a successful repository clone says nothing about whether Coolify can authenticate to the deployment server.
Choose an appropriate key setup
| Decision | Default choice | When to choose another option | Operational consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algorithm | ED25519 | Use RSA only for a target that does not accept ED25519 | Compatibility is determined by the receiving SSH implementation |
| Scope | Separate server and repository keys | Reuse only when the same access boundary and rotation policy are intentional | Separate keys allow independent revocation and auditing |
| Repository permission | Read-only deploy key | Enable write only for a workflow that must push | Read-only access reduces repository impact if the key is exposed |
| Key protection | No passphrase or interactive prompt | None for unattended Coolify operation | Coolify can authenticate during validation and deployment without a person present |
| Deployment trigger | Use the existing manual or webhook workflow | Configure an external workflow when required | The SSH key supplies access; it does not itself initiate deployment |
There is no universal benefit to reusing one key everywhere. Reuse reduces the number of records to manage, but one revocation then affects every server and repository that trusts it. Purpose-specific keys make it possible to remove repository access without interrupting server administration, or rotate one environment while leaving unrelated applications untouched.
Troubleshoot an invalid or failed SSH key
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Coolify reports an invalid key | The value is public-key material, malformed, encrypted with an unusable passphrase, or incomplete | Reopen the private-key entry, confirm the complete private key was imported, remove any interactive passphrase requirement, and ensure the key type is accepted by the target |
| Permission denied during server validation | The selected private key does not match the authorized public key, or the user is wrong | Compare the Coolify key’s Public key with the line in the exact user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys; verify the user and port in New server |
| Connection times out or the host is unreachable | Wrong host, SSH port, firewall rule, DNS problem, or network path | Test the same host and port from a trusted terminal and check firewall and security-group rules before changing keys |
| SSH succeeds but validation does not complete | The operating system or required tools do not meet Coolify’s expectations | Read the validation output, confirm Docker Engine and Compose availability, and correct the server prerequisites |
| Repository clone fails | The repository provider has no matching deploy key, the URL is HTTPS, or the deployment server cannot reach the Git host | Install the matching public key as a read-only deploy key, use the SSH clone URL, and verify name resolution and outbound connectivity from the deployment server |
| A key cannot be deleted | Coolify still sees a dependency | Check servers, applications, GitHub App connections, and GitLab App connections that reference the key; remove or switch those references first |
When replacing a key, do not edit a shared private-key value in place. In-place changes can silently break several connections and make it difficult to identify which authorization failed. Create a new entry instead, give it a distinct purpose-based name, and migrate dependencies one at a time.
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Rotate or remove a Coolify private key safely
- Create a replacement key in Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, using ED25519 unless compatibility requires RSA.
- Copy its public key to every required server account and repository provider. For repositories, retain read-only permission unless write access is necessary.
- Switch each Coolify server and application to the replacement private key.
- Run server validation and perform a real deployment or repository fetch for every affected connection.
- Remove the old public key from server
authorized_keysfiles and repository deploy-key settings. - Delete the old Coolify private key only after no connection uses it.
Coolify marks a key as unused only when no server, application, GitHub App, or GitLab App references it. The dependency check prevents safe deletion while an active reference remains. Keep the old key until verification is complete, then remove it promptly to reduce the remaining access window. Record which systems were migrated so a later audit can distinguish an intentionally retained key from an overlooked dependency.
Protect Coolify’s key storage
Coolify encrypts supported credentials, including SSH private keys, in its database. A self-hosted installation also writes keys to protected SSH storage. Treat the Coolify database, backups, and the following paths as privileged recovery material:
/data/coolify/source/.env/data/coolify/ssh/keys/
Restrict host and backup access to the people who administer the Coolify instance. A database or backup compromise can expose the encrypted credential store and the surrounding configuration needed to recover access, so protect those assets with the same care as the servers and repositories the keys reach. Do not copy private-key text into tickets, chat messages, shell history, or repository files. If a backup is restored to another Coolify instance, review who can access the restored database and key-storage paths before bringing connected servers online.
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The Coolify CLI can create an application from a private repository with:
coolify app create deploy-keyThis command requires three pieces of connection information: the UUID of the stored private key, the Git branch, and the repository’s SSH URL. Supply the UUID for the key whose public half is registered with the repository provider. The CLI path does not change the authorization model: the key must still be non-interactive, repository access must still be granted separately, and the deployment server must be able to reach the Git host. If the UUID points to a server-only key, the command will not gain repository access simply because the key exists in Coolify.
Final verification checklist
- The private key is stored under Keys & Tokens → Private Keys and has a purpose-specific name.
- The key has no passphrase or second-factor prompt that would require human input.
- The public key, not the private key, is installed on the intended server account or repository provider.
- The server form uses the matching private key, correct host, SSH port, and user.
- Validate connection completes the SSH, operating-system, Docker, Compose, server-information, and proxy checks.
- Private repositories use Private Repository (with deploy key) and an SSH clone URL.
- Repository deploy keys are read-only unless a documented workflow needs write access.
- Old keys are removed only after replacement connections and a deployment have been verified.
- Coolify database, environment files, SSH key storage, and backups are limited to trusted administrators.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where are SSH keys in Coolify?
Open Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, then choose New private key. Team owners and administrators can create, edit, and delete entries there. After saving a key, its edit screen displays the public key you copy to a server account or Git provider.
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How do I connect my Coolify server with an SSH key?
Create or import a non-interactive key, copy its public half to the destination user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, and set the directory and file permissions to 700 and 600. In Servers → New server, enter the matching host, port, user, and private key, then run Validate connection.
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Why does Coolify say the SSH key is invalid?
Common causes are pasting public-key text into the private-key field, omitting part of the private key, retaining an interactive passphrase, or using an algorithm the target does not accept. Reopen the key entry, confirm the complete private material and non-interactive format, and use ED25519 unless the receiving SSH implementation requires RSA.
Can I use the same SSH key for my server and private repository?
Technically, one key can be authorized in both places, but separate purpose-specific keys are safer. Server login and repository deploy access are independent, so separate keys allow different owners, read-only repository permissions, audit trails, rotation schedules, and revocation decisions.
How do I deploy a private GitHub repository to Coolify?
Add the Coolify key’s public half to the repository’s deploy-key settings, keep write access disabled, and configure the application as Private Repository (with deploy key). Select the deployment server and matching private key, then use the SSH clone URL such as [email protected]:owner/repo.git, not an HTTPS URL.
What should I do if server validation times out?
Check the host name or IP, SSH port, firewall and security-group rules, DNS resolution, and network path from the relevant machine. A timeout is a reachability problem, not usually a key mismatch. Test the same host and port from a trusted terminal before replacing credentials.
Why can’t I delete an old private key?
Coolify keeps a key from being safely deleted while a server, application, GitHub App, or GitLab App still references it. Switch those dependencies to the replacement key, validate the connections, and then remove the old public keys and delete the old Coolify entry.
Does adding an SSH key trigger deployments automatically?
No. The SSH key only supplies authentication for server access or repository fetching. Deployments still run through a manual action, provider webhook, or another configured workflow.
The Bottom Line
Store a non-interactive ED25519 key in Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, authorize only its matching public key where access is needed, select that private key in Coolify, and validate before deploying. Keep server and repository keys separate when possible, protect Coolify’s credential storage, and rotate by adding and testing a replacement before removing the old key.
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