You can run Zenoss on a single 64-bit VPS, but the supported single-host layout is intended for testing and development, not production monitoring. A reliable installation requires a supported RHEL-compatible operating system, separate filesystems sized for Docker and Zenoss data, the official host-validation script, Docker CE 20.10.17, authenticated Zenoss image archives, and the release-matched Control Center service definitions. Production deployments should use the documented multi-host design with delegates or collectors and ZooKeeper where required.
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What you need before installing Zenoss
Zenoss is deployed through Control Center rather than as one ordinary Linux package. Control Center verifies the host, runs Zenoss services in containers, and uses a local repository and registry to distribute the release’s images and service definitions. That architecture makes preparation important: an apparently adequate VPS can still fail validation because of an unsupported kernel, an undersized data mount, a conflicting Docker network, or a mismatched release artifact.
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Supported operating systems and architecture
Use a 64-bit x86_64 VPS. Current Control Center prerequisites list the following host combinations:
| Distribution | Supported release | Important condition |
|---|---|---|
| CentOS | 7.9 | Every host in the deployment must use the same distribution, release, and kernel. |
| AlmaLinux | 8.10 or 9.4 | Use one release consistently across all hosts. |
| Rocky Linux | 8.10 or 9.4 | Use one release consistently across all hosts. |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 7.9, 8.10, or 9.4 | Use one release consistently across all hosts. |
Set the system locale to en_US.UTF-8 and synchronize clocks with NTP or chrony before running validation. In a multi-host deployment, differences in operating-system release, kernel, locale, or time can cause host checks and service coordination to fail even when each server works by itself.
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Minimum master-host storage
The prerequisite figures below are minimum planning values for a master host. They are not a promise that every production installation will fit; retention, device count, event volume, upgrades, and backup history can require substantially more capacity.
| Mount or purpose | Minimum capacity | Why it is separate |
|---|---|---|
Root filesystem (/) |
30 GB | Operating system, packages, and host-level configuration. |
| Swap | 16 GB | Required planning allocation for the documented master-host layout. |
Temporary files (/tmp) |
16 GB | Installer and container operations can create substantial temporary data. |
| Docker data | 50 GB | Container layers, images, and Docker’s working data. |
Internal services (/opt/serviced/var/isvcs) |
50 GB | Control Center internal-service state. |
| Application data | 200 GB | Zenoss application and monitoring data. |
| Application backups | 150 GB | Backup storage kept apart from live application data. |
Ask your VPS provider for independent block volumes or mounts rather than treating one large root disk as equivalent. Check the provider’s actual usable capacity after filesystem overhead, and leave headroom for growth.
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Choose the Zenoss release and obtain the files
Use one release set from start to finish
Zenoss documentation is versioned. The Community Edition archive separates planning, installation, configuration, administration, upgrade, and release-note material for 6.2.x and earlier branches. Read the documents for the exact release you intend to deploy; image names, service definitions, ports, credentials, and upgrade behavior can differ between releases.
Downloads are entitlement-controlled. Zenoss directs users to its delivery service, where a support-portal account or a support request may be required. Arrange access before provisioning a production VPS so that an otherwise ready host is not left waiting for image archives.
Zenoss Core 6.2.1 example artifacts
The Core 6.2.1 installation guide names these files:
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install-zenoss-hbase-24.0.8.runinstall-zenoss-opentsdb-24.0.8.runinstall-zenoss-core_6.2-1_1.runzenoss-core-service-6.2.1-1.noarch.rpm
These names are an example for that specific release, not a universal download list. Resource Manager and other Zenoss releases use different image archives and service-definition versions. Do not mix an image from one release with an RPM from another.
Provision the VPS safely
Apply the host baseline
- Deploy a clean x86_64 image from one of the supported RHEL-family releases.
- Set the hostname and forward and reverse DNS records that your deployment will use.
- Set the locale to
en_US.UTF-8. - Enable NTP or chrony and verify that the clock is synchronized.
- Create the independent filesystems for root, swap,
/tmp, Docker data, internal services, application data, and backups. - Open only the firewall paths required by your selected Control Center and Zenoss topology. Keep administrative access restricted to trusted addresses.
- For multiple hosts, clone the same operating-system release and kernel baseline rather than mixing distributions.
Do not begin with an application image that has an unapproved kernel or a preconfigured container runtime. The validator is designed to identify those mismatches before they become deployment failures.
Check capacity before downloading images
Image archives and extracted layers temporarily consume more space than their final running containers. Confirm free space on the Docker and temporary filesystems before copying archives, and reserve capacity for a later image refresh. Keep backups on the designated backup filesystem so a full backup does not consume the live application volume.
Run the official host validator
Download the current zenoss-install-host-validate script for your release, copy it to the intended VPS, make it executable, and run the role-specific verification. For a single-host master, the documented command is:
zenoss-install-host-validate -a verify -d single -r masterThe verify action performs read-only tests of compute, memory, operating-system, and storage resources. It also reports network and configuration problems relevant to the selected role.
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Fix every reported error
- Read the complete output rather than stopping at the first failure.
- Correct CPU or memory shortages by resizing the VPS; do not assume a warning will be harmless under load.
- Correct operating-system, locale, kernel, or time-synchronization errors on the host.
- Attach or resize the filesystem named in a storage error, then verify the mount is present after reboot.
- Resolve DNS, routing, firewall, or hostname errors before staging images.
- Run the same validation command again and continue until the intended role passes.
For a multi-host installation, use the validator’s master, delegate, or collector role options shown in the prerequisites for the exact release. Validate every host with its actual role; a master passing validation does not prove that a delegate or collector is ready.
Install and configure Docker
Install the documented Docker version
The current master-host procedure calls for Docker CE 20.10.17. Install that version using the supported package source for your selected operating system, then enable and start the Docker service. Avoid silently substituting a newer major release: Control Center compatibility is tied to the documented version for the release.
Install the supporting host packages listed by the installation documentation. Depending on the topology and release, these include NFS utilities, DNS and time-synchronization components, and httpd-tools. Use the package list from the matching guide rather than copying a list from another Zenoss branch.
Prepare Docker’s temporary directory
The master-host procedure links Docker’s temporary working directory to /tmp. Apply that arrangement exactly as documented, then confirm that the link or configuration survives a service restart and that /tmp is mounted with the planned 16 GB minimum.
Apply the systemd timeout drop-in
Create the documented systemd drop-in for Docker and set TimeoutSec=300. Reload systemd, restart Docker, and check the service status. The longer timeout gives image loading and service operations time to complete on a busy VPS; omitting it can produce failed or prematurely interrupted starts.
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Check the Docker bridge network
Compare Docker’s bridge subnet with the VPS provider’s private network, management network, VPN ranges, and any monitored network reachable through the host. If the ranges overlap, follow the installation documentation to change Docker’s bip and DNS settings before deploying Zenoss. A conflict can make containers unable to reach the registry, Control Center, DNS, or monitored devices even though the host itself has connectivity.
Install the repository mirror and stage Zenoss images
Configure authenticated access
Control Center expects an authenticated internal registry and a repository mirror for the selected release. Set up the credentials and mirror configuration described by that release’s guide, and protect the credential files with normal root-only permissions. Test name resolution and connectivity from the master before attempting a large image load.
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- Copy each release-matched
.runarchive to the Control Center master. - Make the files executable.
- Use the documented image-loading procedure to import them into the local authenticated registry.
- Confirm that each expected image is present and tagged for the same release.
- Install the matching repository-mirror and service-definition RPM.
For Core 6.2.1, the image and RPM names listed earlier must remain together as one release set. Do not rename files in a way that loses the version information, and do not load archives from a different Core, Resource Manager, or Control Center branch.
What to check when staging fails
- Permission denied: verify executable permissions and that the copy completed without truncation.
- Authentication failure: recheck registry credentials, the mirror configuration, and system time; an incorrect clock can invalidate credentials.
- No space left on device: inspect Docker data,
/tmp, and the filesystem holding the archive, then expand the correct mount. - Image tag not found: compare every image and service-definition version with the release guide.
- Network timeout: test DNS, firewall rules, routes, and Docker bridge overlap separately from the host’s public connectivity.
Deploy a single-host or multi-host topology
Single-host deployment
A single VPS can host the master and Zenoss services for a lab, proof of concept, or development environment. The official guidance states: “Single-host deployments are recommended for testing and development use only.” On one host, a kernel, disk, Docker, or VPS failure affects Control Center, storage, and monitoring together. It also leaves less room for collector placement and maintenance.
After host verification, repository installation, and image staging, follow the release-specific single-host procedure to install the master and deploy the Zenoss services. Start with a small device set and watch CPU, memory, Docker space, application data, and backup growth before adding the full inventory.
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Multi-host deployment
For production, plan a master plus delegates or collectors according to the documented multi-host procedures. The official installation index orders the work as host verification, download and staging, repository installation, image staging, master installation, delegate installation, ZooKeeper configuration where applicable, and then the final single-host or multi-host deployment tasks.
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| Decision factor | Single host | Multi-host |
|---|---|---|
| Intended use | Testing and development. | Production-oriented deployments. |
| Failure isolation | One VPS failure affects all services. | Master and collector roles can be separated. |
| Collector and device scale | Constrained by one host’s CPU, memory, network, and storage. | Collectors can be distributed and expanded by role. |
| Storage | All live data and backups compete for one VPS’s resources. | Storage and backup responsibilities can be separated. |
| Network placement | Every monitored path leaves from one network location. | Collectors can be positioned across network zones. |
| Operations | Fewer hosts, but a larger single point of failure. | More coordination, including ZooKeeper where required. |
Finish configuration and verify operation
Complete the initial setup
- Set the administrator credentials through the release’s Control Center and Zenoss setup procedure.
- Confirm that Control Center services are running and that the expected Zenoss components report healthy status.
- Verify DNS lookups in both the host and relevant containers.
- Verify NTP or chrony remains synchronized after the services start.
- Check that application, internal-service, Docker, and backup mounts are mounted at their intended paths.
- Add a small representative device set and confirm discovery, polling, events, and graphs.
- Run a backup and verify that it lands on the separate backup filesystem.
- Only after those checks, onboard the rest of the inventory.
Keep the release documents with the deployment
Retain the exact release’s configuration, administration, upgrade, and release-note documents alongside your runbook. Port requirements, credential handling, image names, and upgrade steps vary by release. A runbook that records the VPS hostname, mount layout, Docker settings, registry credentials location, validator result, and topology makes recovery far faster than relying on shell history.
Common installation problems and their fixes
The validator rejects an apparently large VPS
Total advertised disk space is not enough. The validator checks the required mounts and resources, not merely the provider’s headline capacity. Create the separate filesystems, mount them at the documented paths, and rerun validation. The same applies to memory, swap, locale, kernel, and network checks.
Docker starts but deployment cannot reach services
Check the Docker bridge subnet first, then DNS, routes, firewall rules, and the systemd timeout drop-in. A bridge overlap or an unresolved internal hostname can isolate containers while ordinary host-level internet tests still succeed.
Image loading fills the disk
Inspect Docker’s data filesystem, /tmp, and the directory holding the archives. Remove only abandoned temporary files or unused images that your release procedure identifies as safe; never delete active Zenoss data to make room. Expand the correct filesystem and repeat the load.
Hosts behave differently in a multi-host deployment
Compare distribution and release, kernel version, locale, NTP status, DNS answers, firewall policy, Docker version, and mount points on every host. Multi-host consistency is a prerequisite, not an optional optimization.
The wrong release was staged
Stop before deployment, identify the intended release, and replace every image archive, service-definition RPM, and repository configuration with matching versions. Mixing artifacts can leave Control Center unable to resolve services or produce an unsupported combination that is difficult to upgrade.
Quick Recap
Practical readiness checklist
- 64-bit x86_64 architecture.
- Supported CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, or RHEL release.
en_US.UTF-8locale and synchronized time.- Separate filesystems meeting the documented master-host minimums.
- Successful role-specific
zenoss-install-host-validateverification. - Docker CE 20.10.17 enabled and running.
- Docker temporary-directory and
TimeoutSec=300settings applied. - No Docker bridge overlap with VPS or monitored networks.
- Required NFS, DNS, time, and authentication-support packages installed.
- Authenticated repository mirror and registry configured.
- All image archives and the service-definition RPM belong to one release.
- Topology chosen honestly: single host for testing and development, multi-host planning for production.
- Administrator credentials, health checks, test devices, and backups verified after deployment.
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