Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteInstall Magento by first selecting the exact Adobe Commerce or Magento release, then provision a Linux x86-64 VPS with the PHP, Composer, database, web server, cache, and search-engine versions listed for that release. Configure OpenSearch or Elasticsearch before installing Commerce 2.4.4 or later, install the application with Composer, switch to developer mode, run bin/magento sampledata:deploy as the file-system owner, apply the updates, and verify the storefront and Admin in a browser.
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The sample catalog is a Luma demonstration store with products, categories, customer registration, and related entities. It is useful for learning and development; remove it before a live launch.
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What you need before you begin
A successful VPS installation is primarily a compatibility exercise. Adobe changes supported dependency versions by Magento and Adobe Commerce release, so choose the application release before choosing the operating-system packages. Open Adobe’s System Requirements page, select the exact release row, and record every value shown there.
- A Linux x86-64 VPS running an operating system listed for the selected release.
- PHP and its required extensions at the versions in that release row.
- Composer at the supported version.
- MariaDB or MySQL at the supported version.
- nginx and the supported cache service.
- OpenSearch or Elasticsearch at a version supported by that same release row.
- Shell access with permission to install packages, create the database, configure nginx, and manage the Magento file-system owner.
- Adobe Commerce or Magento Composer authentication keys from the account entitled to download the package.
- A DNS name or temporary host name, a database name and credentials, and an administrator email address.
Do not copy PHP, database, or search versions from an older tutorial. A version that worked for one patch line can be unsupported by another. Adobe’s matrix is the authority for the release you actually install.
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Choose the release and map its dependencies
Write down the release before running any package manager command. Your planning sheet should contain the following values from one Adobe compatibility row:
| Component | What to select | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Magento or Adobe Commerce | The exact major, minor, and patch release you intend to deploy | Every dependency is evaluated against this release. |
| Linux | A supported Linux x86-64 distribution and version | Unsupported operating-system libraries can break PHP extensions or services. |
| PHP | The PHP version and extensions listed for the release | Magento’s code and dependency lock files expect this compatibility range. |
| Composer | The Composer version listed for the release | Composer resolves the application and sample-data packages. |
| Database | The supported MariaDB or MySQL version | Schema and data installation depend on the database engine and version. |
| Search | OpenSearch or Elasticsearch, only at a version shown for the release | Catalog search and the installer depend on a reachable, compatible engine. |
| Web and cache services | nginx and the cache service versions listed by Adobe | These affect routing, generated content, and runtime behavior. |
The matrix does not establish that a particular VPS size guarantees success. Capacity depends on catalog size, traffic, indexing, enabled modules, and background jobs, so treat server sizing as a separate operational decision.
Prepare the search engine first
For Adobe Commerce 2.4.4 and later, Adobe requires you to install and configure either Elasticsearch or OpenSearch before installing Commerce. Search is not an optional post-install add-on in these releases.
Pick a supported engine, not a favorite
OpenSearch and Elasticsearch are alternatives only within the compatibility row for your chosen release. Check the exact engine version, Java or service prerequisites, bind address, and authentication settings in the engine’s own documentation and Adobe’s release requirements. Do not infer that a newer engine is acceptable merely because it is newer.
Verify the service before Magento runs
- Install the engine version listed for your release.
- Start it and configure it to launch at boot.
- Confirm that the VPS can reach the service on its configured host and port.
- Apply any authentication, firewall, and bind-address settings required by your deployment.
- Record the host, port, and credentials; you will enter these values in the Magento installer.
If the installer cannot connect to search, fix the service, network, or credentials first. Re-running Magento commands will not repair an unavailable engine.
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Configure Composer authentication
Magento packages are downloaded from repo.magento.com. Adobe uses authentication keys: a public key acts as the user name and a private key acts as the password. Use keys associated with the account that is authorized to download the exact Commerce or Magento packages you selected.
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Store the keys for the Composer account
Run Composer as the same operating-system account that owns the Magento files. Configure credentials for that account rather than configuring them only for root. A typical configuration command is:
export MAGENTO_PUBLIC_KEY='paste-your-public-key-here'
export MAGENTO_PRIVATE_KEY='paste-your-private-key-here'
composer config --global http-basic.repo.magento.com "$MAGENTO_PUBLIC_KEY" "$MAGENTO_PRIVATE_KEY"Do not commit the private key to a project repository or place it in a world-readable file. If Composer prompts during installation or sample-data deployment, provide the same keys. Using a different account, expired keys, or keys without package access commonly causes a 401/403 response or an apparently missing package.
Install Magento with Composer
Use Adobe’s Composer installation tutorial for the create-project command and installer options because the package name and supported release must match your selection. Do not substitute a command from an older Magento guide.
Create the project directory
- Create the directory that will hold the application and assign it to the intended Magento file-system owner.
- Change into that directory’s parent and run the exact Composer
create-projectcommand for your release, using the repository configuration required by Adobe. - When Composer asks for credentials, enter the public and private authentication keys configured above.
- Wait for dependency resolution to finish. Do not interrupt the process while Composer is writing the lock file and vendor directory.
The account that runs Composer should normally remain the file-system owner used by nginx and PHP-FPM. Mixing root-owned files with owner-owned files produces permission failures later when Magento generates code, writes cache files, or deploys sample data.
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Run the application installer
From the Magento application root, run the bin/magento setup:install command from Adobe’s guide and supply values for:
- The database host, database name, database user, and password.
- The base URL that browsers will use.
- The administrator user name, password, and email address.
- The selected search engine, host, port, and any credentials required by that engine.
- The time zone, currency, and language appropriate for your development store.
Use a temporary HTTP base URL only when that is deliberate for a private development environment. For an internet-facing deployment, plan TLS and the final domain before inviting users. Adobe requires TLS 1.2 or later for PayPal connections and for access to repo.magento.com; production hardening should therefore include a valid certificate, HTTPS redirects, secure cookies, and restricted administrator access.
Deploy the sample data
Sample data must be installed in developer mode and by the Magento file-system owner. Adobe explicitly warns that installing sample data while the application is in production mode fails.
Switch to developer mode
Change to the application root and confirm that your shell is the file-system owner. Then run:
bin/magento deploy:mode:set developerDeveloper mode is intended for a development or learning instance. It exposes errors and supports on-demand generation behavior that is unsuitable for a hardened live store.
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Download and register the sample-data packages
Run:
bin/magento sampledata:deployThe command uses Composer to obtain the sample-data packages. If Composer requests authentication, enter the same repo.magento.com keys used for the main application. Keep the terminal output: a package conflict, authentication error, or incompatible release is easier to diagnose from the first failure than from a later browser error.
Apply the database changes
If sample data was added after the application installation, apply its module schema and data updates:
bin/magento setup:upgrade
bin/magento cache:cleansetup:upgrade applies schema and data changes from Magento modules and the newly installed sample-data packages. Cleaning the cache removes stale configuration and block output so the browser can load the new catalog.
What the sample store contains
After a successful deployment, the storefront is based on the Luma theme and includes demonstration products, categories, customer registration, and related entities. These records let you test navigation, search, category pages, product detail pages, account creation, checkout flows, and administrative catalog screens without designing a catalog from scratch.
Sample data is a pre-generated store simulation, not a starter catalog for a commercial launch. Product names, images, prices, customer records, and categories are demonstration content. Remove them and replace them with data you own before exposing a production store to customers.
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Verify the installation in a browser
- Open the configured storefront URL and confirm that the Luma home page renders without a PHP or web-server error.
- Open a category and a product page; confirm that images, prices, and navigation load.
- Use the customer-registration link to confirm that the storefront can create an account.
- Open the Admin URL created by the installer and sign in with the administrator account.
- Inspect Catalog and Customers to confirm that sample entities are present.
- Run a search from the storefront and watch the search-engine and PHP logs if results fail.
A browser check is not a substitute for log review. If a page fails, check file ownership, PHP-FPM and nginx logs, database connectivity, search-engine connectivity, and Composer authentication before repeating the deployment commands.
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Most VPS administrators should use Composer packages. Adobe documents a Git-based sample-data workflow for contributing developers who have cloned Magento Open Source, not as the normal path for a packaged server deployment.
| Decision point | Composer deployment | Git repository deployment |
|---|---|---|
| Who should use it? | Administrators and developers installing a released application on a VPS. | Contributing developers working from a cloned Magento Open Source tree. |
| Release alignment | Composer resolves packages for the selected released application. | You must clone the matching released branch of magento2-sample-data. |
| Authentication | Requires the authorized repo.magento.com keys when packages are downloaded. |
Uses the repository workflow and still requires the application to be correctly configured. |
| Build step | bin/magento sampledata:deploy. |
Run build-sample-data.php with --ce-source to create links into the Magento source tree. |
| Permissions | Keep Composer and Magento commands under the file-system owner. | Set ownership and group-write permissions after creating the links, then run bin/magento setup:upgrade. |
| Maintenance burden | Lower; package versions follow the released dependency graph. | Higher; branch matching, links, permissions, and source-tree changes are your responsibility. |
Do not mix the methods casually. A Git checkout linked to a different application release can produce module and schema mismatches that a normal Composer deployment avoids.
Troubleshoot the failures that matter most
Composer returns an authentication or authorization error
- Confirm that the public and private keys belong to an account entitled to download the selected package.
- Check that Composer is running as the account whose global configuration contains the keys.
- Repeat the key configuration without exposing the private key in shell history or support tickets.
- Make sure the requested package release is still available to that account.
sampledata:deploy fails immediately
- Check the current deployment mode with
bin/magento deploy:mode:show. - If the mode is production, switch to developer mode and rerun the deployment.
- Confirm that the command is run from the application root and by the file-system owner.
- Read the first Composer or module error rather than repeatedly rerunning the final command.
The storefront loads but search returns an error
- Verify that OpenSearch or Elasticsearch is the version supported by your Magento release.
- Check that the service is running and reachable from the PHP/web-server host.
- Compare the host, port, protocol, and credentials entered during installation with the search service configuration.
- Review the search-engine and PHP-FPM logs for rejected connections or authentication failures.
Magento reports permission or generated-code errors
- Find files owned by root or another account and restore ownership to the Magento file-system owner.
- Ensure that the web-server/PHP process can read the application and write the directories Magento documents for generated code, cache, and media.
- Run Composer, Magento CLI commands, and sample-data commands consistently as the owner instead of alternating between root and an unprivileged account.
setup:upgrade completes but pages remain stale
- Run
bin/magento cache:cleanagain after the upgrade. - Check PHP-FPM and nginx logs for a separate runtime error.
- Confirm that the browser is using the same base URL and virtual host configured during installation.
Remove or reset sample data
Adobe documents two management commands:
bin/magento sampledata:remove
bin/magento sampledata:resetUse the command that matches your objective and follow it with the database and cache steps Adobe specifies for your release. Removing sample-data modules is appropriate when converting a development installation toward a real catalog; resetting is for managing the sample-data state during development. In either case, inspect the catalog and customer records afterward rather than assuming that a command has made a production-ready store.
Production boundary: what to change before launch
Sample data and developer mode belong on a private learning or staging VPS. Before a live launch:
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Quick Recap
- Remove sample products, categories, customers, and other demonstration entities.
- Switch out of developer mode using the deployment procedure appropriate for your release.
- Use HTTPS with TLS 1.2 or later, secure cookies, and a certificate covering the final domain.
- Restrict Admin access, rotate development credentials, and protect Composer private keys.
- Confirm that the final PHP, database, search, nginx, and cache versions remain within the selected Adobe compatibility row.
- Test backups, database restoration, indexing, cron jobs, transactional email, payment integrations, and log rotation separately from the sample-data check.
Final installation checklist
- Release selected from one Adobe System Requirements row.
- Linux x86-64 operating system and all dependency versions matched to that row.
- OpenSearch or Elasticsearch installed and reachable before the Commerce installer ran.
- Composer authentication configured for the authorized account.
- Application installed with the release-specific database, base URL, Admin, and search values.
- Developer mode enabled before
bin/magento sampledata:deploy. - Sample-data deployment and
bin/magento setup:upgradecompleted as the file-system owner. - Cache cleaned and storefront/Admin checks completed.
- Sample content scheduled for removal before any live launch.
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