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The safe baseline is simple: keep Redis off public interfaces, leave protected mode enabled, and require authentication. On Redis 6 and later, create a named ACL user with only the commands and keys your application needs. Treat requirepass as a compatibility option, because it sets a password on Redis’s shared default user rather than creating a separate identity. Verify the effective bind, protected-mode and ACL state after every change.
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What you are securing
Redis is often deployed beside an application, but its network listener is still a powerful administrative endpoint. A client that can connect and authenticate may read or alter keys, publish messages, change configuration or run other commands allowed to its user. The highest-risk combination is Redis listening on every interface with no effective password or ACL restriction.
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Redis provides three controls that work together:
- Network exposure: the
bindsetting determines which local addresses accept connections. - Protected mode: a safety fallback that limits a default, unauthenticated instance to loopback clients.
- Authentication and authorization: ACL users (recommended from Redis 6 onward) or the older shared-password mechanism,
requirepass.
These controls are not interchangeable. A password does not make an unnecessarily public listener a good design, and protected mode is not a substitute for an intentional bind and authenticated clients.
Check the Redis version and the active service before editing
Directive names and defaults can vary by Redis version. Check the binary that is actually installed:
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redis-server --versionDo not assume that a particular Ubuntu release, package source or container uses the same unit name or configuration path. Discover the service and its startup command instead:
systemctl list-unit-files | grep -E '^redis'
systemctl list-units --type=service | grep -i redis
systemctl cat <redis-unit-name>Inspect the ExecStart line in the unit output. It shows which configuration file (if any) the service passes to redis-server. Ubuntu packages commonly use a file under /etc/redis/, but that path and the unit name are packaging details that must be confirmed on your host rather than copied blindly.
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- Schedule a maintenance window if clients cannot reconnect automatically.
- Keep an authenticated administrative session open while testing, so a typo does not lock you out.
- Back up the active configuration and any ACL file used by the installation, with permissions that prevent ordinary users from reading passwords.
- Record how the application currently connects (address, port, username and password format).
Choose an intentional network boundary
Redis should accept traffic only from the interfaces and hosts that need it. Use the narrowest model that fits your deployment.
| Deployment | Preferred exposure | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Redis and the application share one Ubuntu host | Loopback only | No network hop is required; remote hosts cannot reach the listener. |
| Application servers are on a private network | The specific private interface or address used by those servers | Redis is reachable where required without listening on unrelated interfaces. |
| Cross-network access is unavoidable | A private, routed interface plus network filtering; avoid a public listener | Limit the reachable source hosts and keep the service off the open Internet. |
In the Redis configuration that your service actually loads, set bind to the selected local address or addresses. Do not copy a wildcard such as * or 0.0.0.0 unless you have a deliberate, filtered design and understand every reachable network.
Redis has included protected mode since version 3.2.0. With the default configuration (all-interface binding and no password), protected mode answers only loopback clients and returns an explanatory error to other addresses. Administrators can disable it or set a manual bind. Leave it enabled unless you have a specific, tested reason not to; it is a fallback, not permission to expose an unauthenticated service.
After editing, restart or reload using the unit discovered on your machine, then inspect the running process rather than trusting the file you edited. The following queries ask Redis for its effective values:
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redis-cli CONFIG GET bind
redis-cli CONFIG GET protected-modeIf the service listens on more than the intended address, stop and correct the configuration before proceeding.
Pick the authentication model
| Model | What it provides | When to use it | Main limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACL users (Redis 6+) | Named identities with per-command, key-pattern and channel permissions | New deployments, multiple applications or least-privilege access | Requires designing and maintaining user rules. |
requirepass |
One shared password for the legacy default user | Compatibility with clients and deployments that only support a single password | No separate application identities; the password targets default. |
Redis documentation recommends ACLs as the modern approach. The legacy directive still works, but it does not create a new user: it sets the password for the default user.
Secure the fresh-install default user
A fresh instance commonly reports this ACL entry:
user default on nopass ~* &* +@allIt means the user is enabled, has no password, can access every key and channel, and can run every command. Because of nopass, new connections are automatically authenticated as default. This is the state you must change explicitly; installing Redis does not create a password for a self-managed open-source instance.
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redis-cli ACL LISTDo not paste credentials into shell history. Use a protected administrative session or the client’s supported secure credential options.
Configure a named ACL user on Redis 6 and later
ACL syntax lets you create an application identity and restrict it to the commands and key namespace it needs. The exact rule should come from the application’s documented command set; granting a broad category “just in case” defeats least privilege.
1. Create a user with a strong password
Run the command through an authenticated administrator connection. The example below creates an enabled user, requires a password, permits keys under app:*, and grants only illustrative read/write commands. Replace the key pattern and command list with the minimum your application requires.
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redis-cli ACL SETUSER app on resetpass <strong-random-password> ~app:* +get +set +delThe password should be randomly generated, unique to this Redis user and delivered through your secret-management process. Do not reuse an operating-system or database password.
2. Test the user before changing the application
redis-cli --user app --pass '<strong-random-password>' PING
redis-cli --user app --pass '<strong-random-password>' SET app:test ok
redis-cli --user app --pass '<strong-random-password>' GET app:testThen confirm that an operation outside the intended policy is rejected. For example, a user limited to app:* should not be able to read an unrelated key, and a user without administrative permissions should not be able to run configuration or user-management commands.
3. Move the application to the named identity
Update the application’s connection settings to use the Redis hostname or private address, port, username app and its password. Deploy the change, confirm successful requests and watch application logs for authentication or permission errors.
4. Handle the default user deliberately
Once every required client uses a named account, you can disable the broad default identity:
redis-cli ACL SETUSER default offWith default disabled, new connections start unauthenticated and must send credentials with AUTH or HELLO. Existing clients that relied on automatic authentication will fail, so perform this step only after migration and testing.
If you keep default enabled for compatibility, remove its no-password state and restrict its permissions instead of leaving nopass ~* &* +@all in place. The resetpass ACL action clears the nopass flag; verify the resulting rule with ACL LIST.
Use requirepass only when a shared password is required
For older clients or a simple single-application deployment, set requirepass in the active Redis configuration and restart the service using its actual unit. When set, Redis refuses queries from unauthenticated clients. The directive now sets the password of the default user, so it does not provide the per-application separation that ACLs provide.
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After the change, authenticate explicitly:
redis-cli -a '<strong-random-password>' PINGA one-argument AUTH <password> is also interpreted as authentication for the default user. Clients that support ACLs can use the two-argument form with a username and password; check your client library’s current connection syntax.
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Keep transport and host access under control
Authentication protects the Redis protocol, but it does not make an exposed service invisible. Third-party operational guidance commonly pairs a non-public bind with a host firewall that permits the Redis port only from approved application servers. Treat that as deployment advice rather than a Redis default: choose rules that match your Ubuntu networking, cloud security groups and routing.
When traffic crosses an untrusted network, use a Redis deployment and client combination that supports TLS, and configure certificate validation according to that version’s documentation. TLS protects credentials and data in transit; it does not replace ACLs or network restrictions.
Avoid relying on command renaming as your primary authorization design. A renamed command is global, while ACL permissions can be assigned to particular users. Use ACL rules to remove dangerous capabilities from an application identity, and reserve administrative commands for a separate operator account.
Verify every control from the running instance
Run these checks after each configuration or ACL change:
- Confirm the effective listener addresses with
CONFIG GET bind. - Confirm protected mode with
CONFIG GET protected-mode. - Inspect all identities and permissions with
ACL LIST. - From a permitted client, authenticate with the intended username and test only the application’s required commands.
- From an unapproved remote host, attempt an unauthenticated
PING. It should not obtain normal command access; a commonly reported response is aNOAUTHerror, but verify the exact response on your Redis version. - Confirm the application reconnects after a service restart and that monitoring still uses valid credentials.
Keep a record of the expected bind address, protected-mode value, user names, key patterns and permitted command categories. That makes later audits and password rotation less error-prone.
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Troubleshoot common lockouts and errors
Remote clients receive a protected-mode error
The client is reaching Redis from a non-loopback address while the instance is in its safe fallback state. Decide whether the client should be local or remote. For a local design, point it to loopback. For a private-network design, set an intentional private bind, authenticate the client and apply network filtering. Do not simply disable protected mode to make the error disappear.
The client reports authentication required
Redis is refusing commands from an unauthenticated connection. Supply the configured password, or supply both username and password for an ACL user. If you set requirepass, remember that the identity is default; a client sending a different username may fail.
The password works but a command is denied
The ACL user authenticated successfully but lacks a required command or key-pattern permission. Compare the application’s failing operation with ACL LIST, then add the narrowest justified permission. Do not solve a single missing command by granting +@all unless the account is genuinely an administrator.
Disabling default breaks automation
Any script or health check that depended on automatic authentication as default must be changed to send explicit credentials. Restore service only long enough to migrate the client, then disable or restrict the broad account again.
Changes appear to have no effect
You may have edited a file that the service does not load, or restarted a different unit. Recheck systemctl cat <redis-unit-name>, inspect the startup arguments, query the running instance with CONFIG GET and verify the process you are testing is the one managed by systemd.
Managed Redis is a different case
The self-managed Ubuntu behavior described here should not be applied to hosted products automatically. Redis Software enables default-user access when a database is created, while Redis Cloud generates a random default-user password for each database. Those provisioning behaviors do not describe a Redis server that you installed and administer yourself on Ubuntu. For a managed service, follow that service’s connection, firewall and credential-rotation controls.
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Final hardening checklist
- Redis is bound only to loopback or the specific private interface required by the application.
- Protected mode remains enabled unless a documented, tested design requires otherwise.
- The fresh
defaultuser is no longer an unrestricted, passwordless account. - Redis 6+ deployments use named ACL users with narrowly scoped commands and key patterns.
- Legacy
requirepassdeployments understand that the password belongs todefaultand is shared. - Host or network filtering permits the Redis port only from approved sources.
- TLS is considered whenever credentials or data traverse an untrusted network.
CONFIG GET bind,CONFIG GET protected-modeandACL LISThave been checked on the running instance.- Application reconnects, health checks, backups and monitoring have been tested with the new credentials.
The practical goal is not merely to make a connection succeed. It is to make every connection intentional: reachable only from the right network, authenticated as the right identity and authorized for only the keys and commands that identity needs.
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