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curl -fsSL https://packages.modpagespeed.com/install.sh | sudo sh
sudo apt-get install mod-pagespeed
sudo systemctl restart apache2The package enables the module and installs /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf. Open that file to confirm ModPagespeed on and a writable ModPagespeedFileCachePath, then verify responses with the X-Mod-Pagespeed header, cache MISS/HIT behavior, and the built-in administration and worker-health checks.
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What mod_pagespeed installs
mod_pagespeed 2.1 is split into two cooperating pieces: an Apache module that runs in the web server and an optimizer worker that performs the heavier processing beside it. The Debian/Ubuntu package supplies the module, the default Apache configuration, and the wiring needed for Apache to communicate with that worker. You do not normally create a second service configuration just to make the native Apache installation work.
“mod_pagespeed 2.1 is one product in two parts: a module that runs inside your web server and an optimizer worker that does the heavy work beside it.”
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On Debian and Ubuntu, Apache reads the package configuration from /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf. The minimum functional configuration is ModPagespeed on together with a writable ModPagespeedFileCachePath; the packaged file already defines both. Directives can be global or scoped to an individual virtual host, directory, URL location, or permitted .htaccess context.
Supported systems and prerequisites
The current signed-package baseline is specific. Confirm these requirements before changing your server:
| Requirement | Supported baseline | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Operating system | Debian 12 or Debian 13; Ubuntu 22.04 or Ubuntu 24.04 | The repository publishes packages for these releases. |
| Web server | Apache 2.4 or newer | The native module integrates with Apache 2.4+. |
| Privileges | Root or an account able to use sudo |
Adding the repository, installing a package, editing Apache configuration, and restarting the service require administrative access. |
| Cache storage | A path Apache can write to | PageSpeed stores generated objects in the file cache; an unwritable path prevents normal operation. |
If your distribution, release, or Apache version falls outside this matrix, do not assume that the commands below are supported. The package instructions cited here cover Debian 12/13 and Ubuntu 22.04/24.04 with Apache 2.4 or newer; a different platform may require another integration method or a separately maintained package.
Check the server before installation
- Confirm the release from your normal operating-system inventory tools and ensure it is Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04.
- Confirm that the site is served by Apache 2.4 or newer rather than nginx alone or a proxy that never passes requests to Apache.
- Make sure you can obtain a root shell or run
sudo. - Identify a filesystem location with enough free space and write permission for the PageSpeed cache. The package’s default path is already present in its configuration; change it only when you have a reason and have checked ownership and capacity.
- Record your current Apache configuration and have a maintenance window available for the restart. PageSpeed changes take effect through Apache, so a restart is part of the activation process.
Install the signed Apache package
1. Add the official repository
Run the installation script supplied by the signed packages repository:
curl -fsSL https://packages.modpagespeed.com/install.sh | sudo shThe script configures the apt source and its signing key. Using the repository is important because the next command depends on apt being able to locate a package matched to your supported Debian or Ubuntu release.
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2. Install mod_pagespeed
Install the package with apt:
sudo apt-get install mod-pagespeedDuring installation, the package places the Apache module and a default pagespeed.conf in Apache’s module-configuration directory. It also supplies the settings that connect the module to the optimizer worker. You should not need to hand-build a worker command line for the standard native package.
3. Restart Apache
Activate the module and configuration by restarting Apache:
sudo systemctl restart apache2A successful restart means Apache accepted the installed configuration and returned to service. If the restart fails, keep PageSpeed troubleshooting separate from unrelated virtual-host errors: first inspect the Apache error output and correct the reported syntax, path, or permission problem, then retry the restart.
Review pagespeed.conf before serving traffic
Open the package configuration:
/etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.confThe exact editor is your choice. The two settings that define the smallest working setup are:
ModPagespeed on
ModPagespeedFileCachePath /path/to/a/writable/cacheThe packaged file already contains these directives with a package-selected cache location. Do not replace the cache path with a directory that Apache cannot write. If you move it, create the destination first, apply ownership and permissions appropriate to the account running Apache, and ensure the filesystem has room for generated assets. A path that exists but is read-only is functionally the same as a missing cache for PageSpeed.
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The package also drops a default pagespeed.conf in Apache’s module configuration directory; edit that file to turn filters on. That file is the natural place to inspect global behavior, while narrower exceptions belong in the relevant Apache context.
Do you need a separate optimizer-worker configuration?
For the supported Debian and Ubuntu package, no additional worker setup is required for the basic deployment. The package includes the module-to-worker wiring. Treat the worker as a component that PageSpeed manages through the installed Apache configuration, not as an unrelated application that you must launch manually. If you have altered the packaged configuration, verify that the module still points to the worker settings supplied by the package before diagnosing a worker failure.
Choose the right configuration scope
Global settings apply to every Apache request handled by the installation. That is convenient for a single-site server, but a shared host often needs exceptions. The configuration reference permits PageSpeed directives in a virtual-host block, a <Directory> block, a <Location> block, and, where Apache permits it, .htaccess.
Global configuration
Keep ModPagespeed on and the cache-path directive in /etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf when all sites should receive the same behavior. This is also the easiest arrangement to audit after package upgrades because the active defaults remain in one known file.
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Per-virtual-host behavior
If one virtual host should be optimized and another should not, place an override in the affected virtual-host configuration. The principle is to leave the global default intact and scope the exception to the host that needs it. After editing, restart Apache so the new context is loaded.
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Directory and URL-location exceptions
Use a <Directory> context for a filesystem tree and a <Location> context for a URL path. The configuration reference specifically allows ModPagespeed off in these contexts. This is useful for administrative interfaces, dynamically generated responses, or legacy paths that must bypass optimization while the rest of the site remains enabled.
<Location /path-that-must-bypass-optimization>
ModPagespeed off
</Location>The example shows the scope, not a universal path. Replace it with a real URL in your own virtual host and keep the exception as narrow as possible; disabling PageSpeed at a broad location also disables it for every child request under that path.
Using .htaccess
Directives may also be scoped in .htaccess when the Apache directory policy permits overrides. This can be practical when application owners cannot edit the virtual-host file, but it makes behavior harder to audit because settings are distributed through the document tree. Prefer the virtual-host or directory configuration when you control Apache centrally.
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Installation is not proof of optimization. Verify the response path from a client that reaches the Apache instance.
1. Check the response header
Request a page and inspect its headers:
curl -I http://localhost/Look for the X-Mod-Pagespeed response header. Its presence identifies a response handled by mod_pagespeed. If you test through a reverse proxy or CDN, inspect the response at the layer that actually serves the request; an intermediary may remove or replace headers.
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2. Compare the first and second requests
Request the same page twice and compare the cache state reported in the response or diagnostic output. The first request should be able to populate the file cache, while a later request can show a cache MISS followed by a HIT once the generated result is available. This is an observation, not a guaranteed sequence for every resource: a changing URL, an uncachable response, an excluded location, or an empty cache can legitimately prevent a HIT.
3. Use the PageSpeed-off comparison
Append ?PageSpeed=off to a test URL to request the same resource with optimization disabled for that request. Compare the HTML, linked assets, and headers with the normal URL. The comparison helps distinguish an application response from a transformation introduced by PageSpeed; it is also a quick way to isolate a suspected optimization issue without changing the server-wide setting.
4. Open the global administration page
Inspect /pagespeed_global_admin from a suitably protected administrative path. The page provides operational information about filters, cache activity, and the running module. Do not expose an administrative endpoint publicly without applying the access controls required by your Apache setup.
5. Check worker health
When the header is absent or transformations stop, inspect the worker health endpoint provided by the installation as well as the administration page. A worker-health failure points to the module/worker side of the deployment; an absent header with healthy worker status more often indicates request routing, a scoped ModPagespeed off, or an intermediate proxy.
Troubleshoot common failures
| Symptom | Likely area | What to check |
|---|---|---|
apt-get install mod-pagespeed cannot find the package |
Repository or platform mismatch | Confirm that the install script completed, apt can read the signed source, and the host is Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04. The package is not established here for other releases. |
| Apache will not restart after editing | Apache syntax or an invalid directive context | Review the error emitted by Apache, check that the directive is inside a valid global, virtual-host, directory, location, or permitted .htaccess context, and restore the last known-good setting before retrying. |
No X-Mod-Pagespeed header |
Request is not passing through the module | Confirm the request reaches this Apache instance, the active configuration contains ModPagespeed on, and no narrower context sets ModPagespeed off. Check whether a proxy removed the header. |
| Cache never changes from MISS | Cache path, request eligibility, or changing URLs | Verify that ModPagespeedFileCachePath points to a writable location with free space. Test the identical URL twice, and account for responses that are deliberately excluded or not cacheable. |
| Worker-health check reports a failure | Module-to-worker communication | Review the package-provided wiring in pagespeed.conf, inspect the global administration page, and check Apache’s diagnostic output. Avoid inventing a separate worker launch command when using the native package. |
| Only one URL or site behaves differently | Scoped configuration | Search the virtual-host, <Directory>, <Location>, and .htaccess contexts for an override, especially ModPagespeed off. |
Operational decisions and deployment alternatives
This guide covers the native Apache module because it is the supported path described by the Debian/Ubuntu package instructions. nginx and reverse-proxy deployments use a different integration boundary, and a separate optimizer-worker arrangement changes where configuration and health checks live. Do not copy Apache directives into an nginx configuration or assume that an Apache package’s paths apply to a proxy-only server.
| Decision axis | Native Apache package | Other deployment style |
|---|---|---|
| Where optimization runs | Apache module with the packaged optimizer-worker connection | May run through nginx integration or a reverse proxy; configuration is different |
| Supported baseline covered here | Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04; Apache 2.4+ | Not established by the package facts in this guide |
| Installation model | Signed apt repository and apt-get install mod-pagespeed |
May use another package or deployment process |
| Configuration scope | Global file, virtual host, directory, location, or permitted .htaccess |
Depends on the web server and proxy configuration model |
| Performance evidence | No authoritative percentage or speed benchmark is published in the referenced official pages | Choose based on your architecture and measurements, not an assumed benchmark |
The absence of a published benchmark matters: installation documentation establishes compatibility and operation, not a guaranteed percentage reduction in load time. Measure your own pages if you need a performance decision, and keep the normal-versus-PageSpeed=off comparison available while testing.
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- Confirm Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04 and Apache 2.4 or newer.
- Confirm root or
sudoaccess and identify a writable cache filesystem. - Run
curl -fsSL https://packages.modpagespeed.com/install.sh | sudo shto configure the signed apt source and key. - Run
sudo apt-get install mod-pagespeed. - Review
/etc/apache2/mods-available/pagespeed.conf; verifyModPagespeed onand a writableModPagespeedFileCachePath. - Keep the package’s module-to-worker settings unless you have a documented reason to change them.
- Add only narrowly scoped exceptions for paths or virtual hosts that must bypass optimization.
- Run
sudo systemctl restart apache2. - Check a real response for
X-Mod-Pagespeed, then repeat the request to observe MISS/HIT behavior. - Use
?PageSpeed=off,/pagespeed_global_admin, and the worker-health endpoint when comparing or diagnosing behavior.
Bottom line
For a supported Debian or Ubuntu Apache server, mod_pagespeed setup is a package installation rather than a hand-built worker deployment. Add the signed repository, install mod-pagespeed, restart Apache, and verify the packaged configuration and writable cache. Keep exceptions scoped, protect the administration endpoint, and use headers, cache behavior, and the off-switch comparison to prove that requests are being optimized.
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